Loading...
1g Award of Quote for Three Lakescaping Projects CITY OF CHANHASSEN 7700 Market Boulevard PO Box 147 Chanhassen, MN 55317 Administration Phone: 952.227.1100 Fax: 952.227.1110 Building Inspections Phone: 952.227.1180 Fax: 952.227.1190 Engineering Phone: 952.227.1160 Fax: 952.227.1170 Finance Phone: 952.227.1140 Fax: 952.227.1110 Park & Recreation Phone: 952.227.1120 Fax: 952.227.1110 Recreation Center 2310 Coulter Boulevard Phone: 952.227.1400 Fax: 952.227.1404 Planning & Natural Resources Phone: 952.227.1130 Fax: 952.227.1110 Public Works 1591 Park Road Phone: 952.227.1300 Fax: 952.227.1310 Senior Center Phone: 952.227.1125 Fax: 952.227.1110 Web Site WIVW.ci .chanhassen.mn. us 1:3. MEMORANDUM TO: Todd Gerhardt, City Manager FROM: Lori Haak, Water Resources Coordinator", A ./ . &~7 . April 23, 2007 DA TE: RE: Award of Quote for Three Lakescaping Projects: Christmas Lake, Lake Susan and Lotus Lake REQUEST Staff requests the City Council approve a construction contract in the amount of $18,110 to Applied Ecological Services for work to be performed on the above-referenced project. BACKGROUND In the past few years, staff has become aware of several areas in Chanhassen that are either on public property or within public easements that are eroding severely. In order to cost-efficiently and effectively repair the erosion, staff sent out a request for quotes (Attachment 1) for three areas: one near a trail on Lotus Lake, one near a lift station on Christmas Lake and one over a sanitary sewer main on Lake Susan. DISCUSSION Quotes were requested from 12 different firms with experience in designing and constructing shoreline stabilization projects. Quotes for the project were accepted until March 9, 2007. Seven quotes were submitted. The quote totals are shown below. Due to the fact that the project is a design-build project, there is a wide range in the quoted costs of the project. Corn '. an A lied Ecolo ical Services Minnesota Native Landsca es Prairie Restoration, Inc. Natural Shore Technolo les Bonestroo Sticks & Stones Earth Wizards Quote $18,110.00 $20,908.00 $21,601.00 $31,984.50 $33,500.00 $80,780.00 $113,033.00 The City of Chanhassen · A growing community with clean lakes, quality schools, a charming downtown, thriving businesses, winding trails, and beautiful parks. A great place to live, work, and play. The low quote was provided by Applied Ecological Services (AES) (Attachment 2). In addition to the low cost of AES's services, the scope of services anticipated by AES is very much in keeping with staff's goals for the project. Additionally, AES has completed similar projects in other locations. The City will be requesting AES enter into an agreement with the City for the work described in the quote. A draft of this agreement is included as Attachment 3. FUNDING The funding for this project will come from the City's Surface Water Management Plan fund (Fund 720). This project falls into the Surface Water Management Plan Implementation portion of the City's Capital Improvement Plan ($450,000) (Attachment 4). RECOMMENDA TION Staff recommends that the City Council adopt the following motion: "The Chanhassen City Council approves the award of the design-build project for three lakescaping projects to Applied Ecological Services in the amount of $18,110.00." ATTACHMENTS 1. Request for quotes 2. Quote submitted by Applied Ecological Services 3. Draft agreement between the City of Chanhassen and Applied Ecological Services 4. CIP Item - SWMP-012, SWMP Implementation c: Doug Mensing, Applied Ecological Services G:\ENGlLori\Lk Mgmt\2007 Lakescaping\Award Quote.doc Description I This project implements projects identified as high priority by the City's Surface Water Management Plan, the National Pollutant Discharge . Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II permit, City Council and/or City staff.. . I Capital Improvement Program 2007 thru 2011 City of Chanhassen, MN Project # SWMP~012 Project Name SWMP Implementation Account # 1 720-0000-4300 Account # 3 Account #2 Contact Unassigned Department Surface Water Management Type Improvement Useful Life Unassigned Category SWMP Priority nla Total Project Cost $1,650,000 , Justification I These projects are necessary to meet state and federal government requirements for storm drainage; address storm water issues in existing developments; maintain existing infrastructure; and construct the infrastructure recommended by the City's Surface Water Management Plan. Expenditures Construction 2007 450,000 Total 450,000 2008 300,000 300,000 2009 300,000 300,000 2010 300,000 300,000 Funding Sources Surface Water Utility Fund Total 2007 450.000 450,000 2008 300.000 300,000 2009 300,000 300,000 2010 300,000 300,000 OperationallmpactJOther Citywide. No map. I . 2011 300,000 300,000 Total 1,650,000 1,650,000 2011 300,000 300,000 Total 1,650,000 1,650,000 103 AGREEMENT AGREEMENT made this day of , 20_, between the CITY OF CHANHASSEN, a Minnesota municipal corporation ("City"), and APPLIED ECOLOGICAL SERVICES, INC.. a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Minnesota ("Contractor"). IN CONSIDERATION OF THE MUTUAL UNDERTAKINGS HEREIN CONTAINED, THE PARTIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS: 1. CONTRACT DOCUMENTS. The following documents shall be referred to as the "Contract Documents", all of which shall be taken together as a whole as the contract between the parties as if they were set verbatim and in full herein: A. This Agreement, B. Request for Quote dated February 7,2007, and C. Quote dated March 9. 2007. In the event of conflict among the provisions of the Contract Documents, the order in which they are listed above shall control in resolving any such conflicts with Contract Document "A" having the first priority and Contract Document "C" having the last priority. 2. OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR. The Contractor shall provide the goods, services, and perform the work in accordance with the Contract Documents. 3. OBLIGATIONS OF THE CITY. The City shall pay the Contractor the sum of $18.110.00 inclusive of sales tax. 4. ASSIGNMENT. Neither party may assign, sublet, or transfer any interest or obligation in this Contract without the prior written consent of the other party, and then only upon such terms and conditions as both parties may agree to and set forth in writing. 5. TIME OF PERFORMANCE. The Contractor shall complete its obligations on or before October 31.2007. 6. PAYMENT. When the obligations of the Contractor have been fulfilled, inspected, and accepted, the City will pay the Contractor. Such payment shall be made not later than thirty (30) days after completion, certification thereof, and invoicing by the Contractor. 113342vOl RNK:07/3012004 1 7. PROMPT PAYMENT TO SUBCONTRACTORS. Pursuant to Minnesota Statute 471.25, Subdivision 4a, the Contractor must pay any subcontractor within ten (10) days of the Contractor's receipt of payment from the City for undisputed services provided by the subcontractor. The Contractor must pay interest of one and one-half percent (1 Y2 %) per month or any part of a month to subcontractor on any undisputed amount not paid on time to the subcontractor. The minimum monthly interest penalty payment for an unpaid balance of $100.00 or more is $10.00. For an unpaid balance of less than $100.00, the Contractor shall pay the actual penalty due to the subcontractor. A subcontractor who prevails in a civil action to collect interest penalties from the Contractor shall be awarded its costs and disbursements, including attorney's fees, incurred in bringing the action. 8. WORKER'S COMPENSATION. If Contractor does public work, the Contractor shall obtain and maintain for the duration of this Contract, statutory Worker's Compensation Insurance and Employer's Liability Insurance as required under the laws of the State of Minnesota. 9. COMPREHENSIVE GENERAL LIABILITY. Contractor shall obtain the following minimum insurance coverage and maintain it at all times throughout the life of the Contract, with the City included as an additional name insured: Bodily Injury: $2,000,000 each occurrence $2,000,000 aggregate, products and completed operations Property Damage: $2,000,000 each occurrence $2,000,000 aggregate Products and Completed Operations Insurance shall be maintained fro a minimum period of three (3) years after final payment and Contractor shall continue to provide evidence of such coverage to City on an annual basis during the aforementioned period; or if any reason Contractor's work ceases before final payment, for a minimum period of three (3) years from the date Contractor ceases work. Property Damage Liability Insurance shall include coverage for the following hazards: X (Explosion) C (Collapse) U (Underground) Contractual Liability (identifying the contract): Bodily Injury: $2,000,000 each occurrence Property Damage: $2,000,000 each occurrence $2,000,000 aggregate 113342vOI RNK:07/30/2oo4 2 Personal Injury, with Employment Exclusion deleted: $2,000,000 aggregate Comprehensive Automobile Liability (owned, non-owned, hired): Bodily Injury: $2,000,000 each occurrence $2,000,000 each accident Property Damage: $2,000,000 each occurrence 10. PERMITS AND LICENSES; RIGHTS-OF-WAY AND EASEMENTS. The Contractor shall procure all permits and licenses, pay all charges and fees therefore, and give all notices necessary and incidental to the construction and completion of the Project. The City will obtain all necessary rights-of-way and easements. The Contractor shall not be entitled to any additional compensation for any construction delay resulting from the City's not timely obtaining rights-of-way or easements. 11. DATA PRACTICES/RECORDS. A. All data created, collected, received, maintained, or disseminated for any purpose in the course of this Contract is governed by the Minnesota Government Data Practices Act, Minn. Stat. Ch. 13, any other applicable state statute, or any state rules adopted to implement the act, as well as federal regulations on data privacy. B. All books, records, documents, and accounting procedures and practices of the Contractor and its subcontractors, if any, relative to this Contract are subject to examination by the City. 12. WARRANTY. The Contractor shall be held responsible for any and all defects in workmanship, materials, and equipment which may develop in any part of the contracted service, and upon proper notification by the City shall immediately replace, without cost to the City, any such faulty part or parts and damage done by reason of the same in accordance with the bid specifications. 13. INDEMNITY. The Contractor agrees to indemnify and hold the City harmless from any claim made by third parties as a result of the services performed by it. In addition, the Contractor shall reimburse the City for any cost of reasonable attorney's fees it may incur as a result of any such claims. 14. WAIVER. In the particular event that either party shall at any time or times waive any breach of this Contract by the other, such waiver shall not constitute a waiver of any other or any succeeding breach of this Contract by either party, whether of the same or any other covenant, condition, or obligation. 1 13342vO I RNK:07/30/2004 3 15. GOVERNING LAW. The laws of the State of Minnesota govern the interpretation of this Contract. 16. SEVERABILITY. If any provision, term, or condition of this Contract is found to be or become unenforceable or invalid, it shall not effect the remaining provisions, terms, and conditions of this Contract, unless such invalid or unenforceable provision, term, or condition renders this Contract impossible to perform. Such remaining terms and conditions of the Contract shall continue in full force and effect and shall continue to operate as the parties' entire contract. 17. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Contract represents the entire agreement of the parties and is a final, complete, and all inclusive statement of the terms thereof, and supersedes and terminates any prior agreement(s), understandings, or written or verbal representations made between the parties with respect thereto. CITY OF CHANHASSEN (Contractor Name) By: By: Tom Furlong, Mayor By: Its: Todd Gerhardt, City Manager 113342vOl RNK:07/30/2004 4 ~ fl:L 1I..lIr"'l~1I .,..~~ "y- -, i j .~\ . . ..11 II."W~~"II APPLIED ECOLOGICAL SERVICES, INC. 21938 MUSHTOWN ROAD, PRIOR LAKE, MN 55372 PHONE: (952)447-1919 FAX: (952)447-1920 email: info.mn@appliedeco.com Applied Ecological Services, Inc.~ Bringing the science of ecology to all land use decisions March 9, 2007 Mr. Don Asleson, Natural Resources Technician City of Chanhassen 7700 Market Boulevard P.O. Box 147 Chanhassen, Minnesota 55317 RE: Chanhassen Shoreline Stabilization (07-0106) - Proposal for Design/Build Services Dear Mr. Asleson, Applied Ecological Services, Inc. (AES) is pleased to provide you with this proposal for complete design/build shoreline stabilization services for three locations in Chanhassen, Minnesota. We have visited all three project sites as well as the successful shoreline stabilization project completed by the City at Lake Susan Park. Through our recent telephone conversations with you, AES understands the City's goals for these three projects. Based on our years of experience and past project success, AES is confident that we can provide the City of Chanhassen with exceptional and cost-competitive shoreline stabilization design/build services. The following sections present our understanding of the projects, a summary of our qualifications, our recommended scope of work, and cost estimates for design, construction, and management. AES is excited about the opportunity to work with the City of Chanhassen on this project, and we would be open to discussing our approach or estimated costs if you have questions or concerns. I. PROJECT UNDERSTANDING Based on the City's Request for Proposals (RFP) and our discussions with City staff, we understand that the City's primary goals for the projects are to: . stabilize the shoreline in the project areas (a high degree of confidence is required); . protect City infrastructure (i.e., lift station, sanitary sewer line, and pedestrian trail); . use bioengineering techniques that employ native vegetation; . avoid grading below the Ordinary High Water level (OHW) to eliminate the need for Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) permitting; . establish and manage vegetation to control non-native, invasive plant species; and . provide conservative cost estimates for design, construction, and management of the three shoreline stabilization projects. 3/8/2007 1 Proposal - Chanhassen Shoreline Stabilization . . We understand that issues not important to the City at this time include: . comprehensive ecological restoration with diverse native plantings (e.g., shrubs); and . installation of live emergent plugs in the littoral fringe of the lakes. II. SUMMARY OF QUALIFICATIONS AES is a broad-based ecological consulting, contracting and restoration fIrm that was founded in 1978. Our staff of experienced scientists and project managers is adept at tackling diffIcult and unique environmental problems on a variety of scales. AES has been the principal ecological consultant on hundreds of large- and small-scale restoration projects, including dozens of shoreline and streambank stabilization and restoration projects in Minnesota and throughout the Upper Midwest. The AES project most similar to the City of Chanhassen's three project sites is a shoreline stabilization project we worked on in the City of Roseville on McCarron Lake. This project was funded in part by the Ramsey Conservation District and was approved and permitted by the City of Roseville. Moderate shoreline erosion (caused by a combination of wave action and ice ridge formation) on McCarron Lake created a situation almost identical to the three Chanhassen sites (see photo below). 3/8/2007 2 Proposal - Chanhassen Shoreline Stabilization AES elected to use a gentle, bioengineering approach to stabilizing this shoreline by: . gentle re-grading of the slope; . removal of existing non-native vegetation; . seeding and planting of ecologically appropriate native plants; . installation of erosion control matting and mulch; and . installation of a coir log a short distance off the shore, creating a protected emergent zone for native plantings. The image below shows the freshly stabilized shoreline, before vegetation establishment. The McCarron shoreline stabilization project was very successful and impressed the homeowner. The original homeowner has since moved out of the house, but the current homeowner (1\1r. Keith Jackson, 651- 665-0413) would provide a positive reference regarding the appearance and integrity of this AES-designed and constructed project. AES proposes a similar (but slightly different) shoreline stabilization treatment for the three Chanhassen projects. Our approach is described below in our recommended Scope of Work. Other examples of AES' design/build shoreline stabilization projects are available upon request. 3/8/2007 3 Proposal - Chanhassen Shoreline Stabilization I . .______....J III. SCOPE OF WORK We have developed the following scope of work for the three City of Chanhassen shoreline stabilization projects. Task 1. Conduct Winter Site Visits: AES has already completed a site visit to each of the three project sites. However, due to frozen lake conditions (inhibiting the observation of lake substrates and underwater slopes) and deep snow cover (inhibiting the observation of all ground surface features), we propose to visit the sites in ice-free conditions in early Spring 2007 (Task 3). Products: Schedule: Estimated Cost: none completed $0 Task 2. Develop Conceptual Stabilization Design: Based on the City's RFP, our discussions with City staff, our winter site visits, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR) lake maps, hydrologic monitoring data for the three subject lakes, and our success with similar lakeshore stabilization projects, AES has already developed a conceptual stabilization design for each of the three project sites. Please see the attached design sheets for our conceptual designs. Ecologically appropriate native seed mixes will be installed along the stabilized shoreline. It should be noted that AES routinely uses live emergent plant plugs in conjunction with our shoreline stabilization projects. These plants provide an important, long-term stabilization function, and their establishment is often much less successful when using only seed. However, due to frozen lake conditions (inhibiting the observation oflake substrates and underwater slopes) and deep snow cover (inhibiting the observation of all ground surface features), we propose that these designs be refmed, if necessary, following our Spring 2007 site visits (Task 3). Products: Schedule: Estimated Cost: Conceptual stabilization designs (attached) completed $0 Task 3. Conduct Spring Site Visits and Design Refinement: Due to our winter review of the project sites (Task 1), AES proposes to visit the three sites in ice-free conditions in early Spring 2007. This will provide an opportunity for more thorough assessment of site conditions and allow for design refmement, if necessary. Prior to our spring review, AES requests that the City staff stake the lakes' Normal Water Level (NWL) and OHW in the vicinity of each of the three projects. This will allow our design to be adjusted to be most effective with regard to these critical design and regulatory elevations. Products: Schedule: Estimated Cost: Refmed stabilization designs (3 sites) Spring 2007 $800 Task 4. Construct Three Shoreline Stabilization Projects: Based on our winter review of the three sites, AES does not feel that "hard" stabilization solutions (e.g., rip rap, gabions, etc.) are warranted. AES proposed a more gentle, bioengineered solution that will entail the use of native plants and naturally degradable materials. 3/8/2007 4 Proposal - Chanhassen Shoreline Stabilization AES will construct the three shoreline stabilization projects, including the following tasks: . Herbicide preparation (where necessary) . Minor soil grading . Soil preparation for seeding . Native seeding and mulching . Installation of degradable erosion control blanket . Installation of coir log (where necessary) AES assumes no permits will be required for these projects since it is anticipated that grading will occur only above the OHW, less than 50 cubic yards of soil will be moved at each site, and emergent wetland plants will not be installed (although AES recommends that live emergent plant plugs be reconsidered). AES assumes erosion control measures will be limited to mulching or blanketing disturbed soil areas and installation of coir log in areas (which acts like a silt fence). If permits or additional erosion control measures are required, AES will work with the City to determine how to resolve these issues. Products: Schedule: Estimated Cost: Three installed shoreline stabilization treatments (~470 feet) Summer 2007 $15,110 (approximately $32.15/linear foot) Task 5. Conduct Two Years of Ecological Management: AES anticipates the following 2-year management schedule will be sufficient for successful establishment of native vegetation along the three sections of stabilized shoreline: . Mowing (2 trips during 2007) . Spot herbicide (1 trips during 2007,2 trips during 2008) Less frequent ecological management will likely be necessary in subsequent years to control invasive species. Products: Schedule: Estimated Cost: Two years of management (~470 feet of stabilized shoreline) Summer/Fall of 2007 and Spring/Summer of 2008 $2,200 TOTAL LUMP SUM COST (Design/Build/Management, Tasks 1 through 5): $18,110 3/8/2007 5 Proposal - Chanhassen Shoreline Stabilization . . IV. CLOSING As stated earlier in this proposal, AES is very excited about the opportunity to work with the City of Chanhassen on these three projects. We welcome the opportunity to discuss our recommended approach and costs if necessary. Thank you for your consideration, and we look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, Applied Ecological Services, Inc. Applied Ecological Services, Inc. ~~p ~~ ~~h&~K 3/9/07 3fcd 07 Douglas M. Mensing, MS, PWS Senior Ecologist date Chris Raebel date :MN Contracting Division Manager Attachments - Conceptual Design Sheets (2) 3/8/2007 6 Proposal - Chanhassen Shoreline Stabilization , . . . Conceptual Design Sheet 1 of 2 kty ,,, cC blo.,l~et kf~+me()+ .# 1- (no ..3{'-lIol~) /' tWi)'\e.. :J2 " co,l' I"~ Z")(2" ka.r-cllJooc( <'s"Wtke.. o Hf-J ;' NWL sh1,vt back -h1 betwt.t.l'\ 2 q o,V1~ ;3: \ slop€- ./ / ,/ ."0. , ././ 777'7/- INJU1tvnet1T # 2.. C3r-6\ct~:0 - - - of./W ""^---' IV LJ L / /, AJaT TO .:sC:A~ 3/8/2007 7 Proposal - Chanhassen Shoreline Stabilization . , , . Conceptual Design Sheet 2 of 2 WGI-kr- ~Yl'1as La.k(?J (2'0 ') p7 -rfmt #: Z -- { -^--- \ ~ -r-//" '// r'/7 7/.~/A-r-...... /7~ /"- ,/' /' /" ",I' ,/ . , '.....~_ Id(ld (I~{'+- -Sto-.-h'on) Lake.. 0l.\.S an (1'10 ) 1nN-#2. J:nt#-l ------ r r / ,;'-h--,-;-;" ,.-I/',;' / ,/ </ //,," "7/ ,/ /' ,.. /" 77 /" 7 ,r " ." r .. 10.1'10\ I\1()T TO ..sC.A l,-t Note: The combined treatments listed above are representative of the total requested restoration for each site, (e,g., Lotus Lake Ttmt 1+Ttmt 2+Ttmt 1=250 If) 3/8/2007 8 Proposal - Chanhassen Shoreline Stabilization CITY OF CHANHASSEN 7700 Market Boulevard PO Box 147 Chanhassen, MN 55317 Administration Phone: 952.227.1100 Fax: 952.227.1110 Building Inspections Phone: 952.227.1180 Fax: 952.227.1190 Engineering Phone: 952.227.1160 Fax: 952.227.1170 Finance Phone: 952.227.1140 Fax: 952.227.1110 Park & Recreation Phone: 952.227.1120 Fax: 952.227.1110 Recreation Center 2310 Coulter Boulevard Phone: 952.227.1400 Fax: 952.227.1404 Planning & Natural Resources Phone: 952.227.1130 Fax: 952.227.1110 Public Works 1591 Park Road Phone: 952.227.1300 Fax: 952.227.1310 Senior Center Phone: 952.227.1125 Fax: 952.227.1110 Web Site www.ci.chanhassen.mn.us April 16, 2007 Kestral Design 5136 Hangerson Avenue, Suite 1 Edina, MN 55436 Re: 2007 Shore Stabilization Dear Sir or Madam, The City of Chanhassen is requesting quotes to stabilize three actively eroding shoreline areas near municipal sanitary and trail infrastructure. As Chanhassen recognizes the functional and aesthetic value of stabilizing shorelines with vegetative methods, the design solution shall incorporate the use of vegitation. If rip-rap is needed it should be used in conjunction with vegetative methods of stabilization. Attached to this request are maps illustrating the location of the restoration areas. The quote provided should include the method of which you the contractor propose to stabilize the shoreline, materials you intend to use (plants, rock, geomat, ect.) , cost per linear foot and/or per area for the shoreline stabilization and an estimated timeline. The quote shall consider include any grading, labor, materials and disposal needs to complete the shore stabilization process. Please include a drawing or sketch of what you propose for each area. The areas include: 1) Lotus Lake (Near 6600 Lotus Trail): The lakeshore at this location is currently eroding and is in close proximity to the City of Chanhassen walking trail. The total length of shore stabilization needed is approximately 250 feet. See attachment "A" for photo and map. 2) City Lift station near 1009 Holly Lane: This lakeshore on Christmas Lake is currently experiencing erosion issues near a city owned lift station. The length of shore is approximately 75-80 feet. See attachement "B" for photo and map. 3) 8502 Great Plains Boulevard on Lake Susan. This private property contains a sanitary sewer within a city owned easement currently being threatened by shore erosion. The City has added fill during the winter of 2007 to protect the sanitary pipe and provided temporary erosion control. The length of shoreline is approximately 140 feet. The final The City 01 Chanhassen · A growing community with clean lakes, quality schools, a charming downtown, thriving businesses, winding trails, and beautiful parks. A great place to live, work, and play. stabilization design will need landowner input and approval. See attachment "c" for aerial photo and map. If you are interested in assisting with this project please submit a quote by 4:00 PM Thursday, March 9, 2007. The City will reserve the right to select which areas, if any, will be pursued after the quotes are received. If you have additional questions or concerns about what is being requested please feel free to contact me directly at 952-227-1106. Sincerely, CITY OF CHANHASSEN Don Asleson Natural Resources Technician Attachment A ~ ~---==:~~~.~ '. I- ~. . j;. .J/J,......"i ;;~ - : ~~-~ -- '~~,....~ L .. . ~.:.....- ," ~ - ..i- - ~j .~ ~~ f .."'Jt<,'" f .. "' ' I~, ..-.. ~ ~~tf'~' - ~' _ '.. J-~,'" - ~-, ~ol'4 .... ; ." ~ -, ...".-.. -~ Attachment B Attachment C PID#- 019-250135000 8502 Great Plains Boulevard ! ~ ''q " .,1~ t.1f'. " .... :~'"':.... , ). "" .,-:If'>. '(. 'to' ". . .~.: .._r~.......t ...~:/? ..Jd.fJ.~=.:. ;.-