10. a & b. Requests for Use of Fund from Surface Wter Mgmt 1 /0
CITYOF ..
I
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1 Y ,
'ft_
690 COULTER DRIVE • P.O. BOX 147 • CHANHASSEN, MINNESOTA 55317
(612) 937 -1900 • FAX (612) 937 -5739
I MEMO • • 9 UM •
1 TO: Don Ashworth, City Manager
FROM: Paul Krauss, Planning Director
I DATE: April 8, 1992
1 SUBJ: Requests for Approval of Funds from Surface Water Management Program
I Staff is seeking approval of funding from available Surface Water Management Program
funds for two items. The first item is a request from the Planning Department for funding
to purchase containment and sorbent products. The $1,000 requested by the Fire Marshal
I will be used by the Fire Department to purchase sorbent booms, pads, dike material and
other accessories so that the Fire Department can respond to spills of hazardous materials.
In the past, we found that quick reaction by the Fire Department would be highly beneficial
I to contain these spills since without rapid response these materials often run into the
adjoining water system with potentially damaging results. The Surface Water Management
Program Task Force voted to recommend authorization to expend $1,000 on the products
1 as requested.
The second matter pertains to an allocation of funds to allow for the hiring of a temporary
I intern to assist city staff in identifying and classifying wetlands. This effort will be utilized
to develop the official city wetlands map. Initially, we had thought that we could use city
staff to obtain half of this information with the other half being provided by Bonestroo
I under the existing contract. Unfortunately, due to Jo Ann Olsen's' maternity leave and a
rapidly expanding work load for the rest of the Planning Department, we are unable to
devote the time required to undertake this project. We had agreed in the past with the City
1 Council that it is imperative that we develop this official map as soon as possible so that we
can begin to reduce conflicts occurring from the city's wetland protection program. I am
proposing that we retain Ellen Klanderman on a contract basis to undertake this work for
1 the city. She will be paid at a rate of $10 per hour, without benefits, with a not to exceed
figure of $5,000. Ellen is highly experienced in this area and worked with me on a similar
project in Minnetonka. She has since been laid off by that community and is willing to
I undertake the work for Chanhassen. She is available to complete this work in a very timely
manner and will require little or no training. There will be no long term financial
1 requirements or responsibilities placed upon the city in undertaking the work in this manner.
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No0T PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
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1
Don Ashworth
April 8, 1992
Page 2
1 The Surface Water Management Program has sufficient funds to undertake both requests.
1 STAFF RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the City Council approve the expenditure of the following funds:
• $1,000 for the Fire Department's acquisition of containment and sorbent products
1 • $5,000 for a contract with Ellen Klanderman to undertake wetland identification
classification for development of the Official Wetland City Map
1 ATTACHMENTS
1. Staff report to Surface Water Management Task Force dated March 20, 1992.
2. Contract.
1 Manager's Comments (4- 8 -92): This item is presented for two reasons: 1) to ensure that
the Council /citizenry are aware of specific projects which are accomplished via water
' resource dollars, i.e. spring sweeping program, the above noted programs, etc.; and, 2) to
officially modify the 1992 budget. As this is a new functional area, we could not identify
programs for inclusion in the 1992 budget - -thus necessitating budget amendments.
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CITYOF
,.„,, 01 ' ' r
-.‘ 4 CHANHASSEN
,
690 COULTER DRIVE • P.O. BOX 147 • CHANHASSEN, MINNESOTA 55317
(612) 937 -1900 • FAX (612) 937 -5739
1
MEMORANDUM .. 1
TO: Surface Water Management Task Force 1
FROM: Paul Krauss, Planning Director
DATE: March 20, 1992 I
SUBJ: Request for Funding to Purchase Containment and Sorbent Products 1
Attached you will find a memo from Mark Littfin, the City's Fire Marshal. He indicates 1
that he and the Fire Department staff have been trained in dealing with hazardous material
calls such as petroleum spills and tank spills, along with accidental dumping of products.
There have been instances in the past, and no doubt will be more in the future, where these 1
spills have a direct immediate impact on water quality of adjacent water bodies. For
example, as I recall, there was a spill of waste oil from the vicinity of the Hanus Building 1
that was not contained in time and was therefore discharged into the creek system.
Depending on what is discharged and where it winds up, this could have disastrous impacts
on water quality. 1
The Fire Marshal is requesting an allocation of approximately $1,000 to acquire a supply
of sorbent booms, pads, dike material and other accessories so that the Fire Department 1
may respond to these situations when they occur. It is Mark's belief that once these
materials are acquired, they will be replaced as they are utilized by billing the property
owner on which the spill has occurred. The City Engineer and I believe that this is an 1
- excellent use of SWMP funds and a good example of interdepartmental cooperation to
achieve a goal. I would recommend that the SWMP Task Force recommend an allocation,
not to exceed $1,000, to the Fire Department to purchase containment sorbent products. 1
RECOMMENDATION
• Staff recommends the Task Force recommend approval allocating roval of allocatin an amount not to 1
exceed $1,000 to the Fire Department for containment and sorbent products.
1
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is 4, PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
1
CITYOF
_ •
CHANHASSEN
690 COULTER DRIVE • P.O. BOX 147 • CHANHASSEN, MINNESOTA 55317
(612) 937 -1900 • FAX (612) 937 -5739
i
MEMORANDUM
TO: Charles Folch, City Engineer
FROM: Mark Littfin, Fire Marshal
' DATE: March 20, 1992
SUBJ: Possible Funding to Purchase Containment and Sorbent
' Products
Charles,
During the past few years, the Chanhassen Fire Department has been
getting more involved with hazardous material calls, particularly
with petroleum spills resulting from vehicle accidents, tank. spills
along with accidental and intentional dumping of products. As a
result, the Chanhassen Fire Department is trained to "Haz Mat
Level I" and a few members to "Haz Mat Level II ". We also have a
mutual aid agreement with Bloomington, Hopkins and Plymouth, who
have fire department Haz Mat teams.
The Chanhassen Fire Department would like to purchase a variety of
sorbent pads, booms and diking material that could be quickly
deployed by specially trained firefighters. The purchase of the
sorbent materials would be a one time cost, because as the
materials are used, the replacement cost is paid for by the
' spiller.
The benefit of this program is the early mitigation to catch the
spill or leak while it is still small. Generally, it takes
anywhere from 3 -5 hours for a recovery company to arrive on site.
I am sure you can see the economical and environmental benefits of
slowing down or even stopping a spill from reaching a holding
' pond, stream or lake.
Charles, a start up figure of approximately $1000.00 would give us
an ample supply of sorbent booms, pads, diking material, and other
accessories. Funding for this project may be acquired from the
"Surface Water Management Task Force ".
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tOr PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
11
Charles Folch
March 20, 1992
Page 2
Please let me know if this proposal sounds acceptable. We could
most likely have the materials and training put together in '
approximately 4 -6 weeks.
cc: Scott Harr, Public Safety Director II
Jim McMahon, Fire Chief
Richard Wing, 2nd Assistant Chief ,
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CAMPBELL, KNUTSON, SCOTT & FUCHS, P.A Apr 8,92 14:19 No.005 P.03
r CONTRACT
POR
WETLAND INVENTORY PROJECT
' THIS CONTRACT made and entered into this
------- day of
1992, by and between CITY OF CHANHASSEN, a
Minnesota municipal. corporation ( "City "), and ELLEN KLANDERMAN
("Contractor ").
IN CONSIDERATION OF THE MUTUAL COVENANTS THE PARTIES AGREE
AS FOLLOWS:
1. Services. The Contractor shall perform the following
services for the City:
' A. Physically walk all wetlands in the City and perform
an inventory of the following:
' - location
-- classification by type
- condition
- function
' B. Prepare a final document summarizing the inventory.
2. Independent contractor. Contractor shall be engaged as
an independent contractor and not as a City employee.
3. Warranty. Contractor warrants that the Contractor's
services will be performed in an expert manner.
' 4. Contract Time. The Contractor shall commence the work
May 1, 1992, and shall complete with work on or before July 31,
' 1992.
04/07/92
1
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CAMPBELL, KNUTSON, SCOTT & FUCHS, P.A Apr 8,92 14:19 No.005 P.04
5. Payment. The City shall pay the Contractor Ten and
00 /100 Dollars ($10.00) per hour, not to exceed $5,000. The
Contractor will not be reimbursed for any out -of- pocket expenses.
The Contractor shall bill the City upon completion of the work
and the City shall make payment within thirty (30) days.
THIS CONTRACT entered into as of the day and year first II
above written.
CITY OF CHANHASSEN
BY: '
Donald J. Chmiel, Mayor
AND:
Don Ashworth, City Manager
1
CONTRACTOR:
Ellen Klanderman
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i CITYOF .........._......
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CHANHASSEN
J .
=_'r 690 COULTER DRIVE • P.O. BOX 147 • CHANHASSEN, MINNESOTA 55317
(612) 937 -1900 • FAX (612) 937 -5739
1 MEMORANDUM
TO: Mayor and City Council
I FROM: Don Ashworth, City Manager
er g
1 DATE: April 13, 1992
SUBJ: Alcohol Licensing /Ordinances
I The city's recent success in regulating the sale of cigarettes has prompted a majority of
Council members to question our current regulations in regards to alcohol. Specifically,
Councilman Richard Wing approached this office shortly after the start of the year with
I a discussion paper (attached) which examines the affects of alcohol use, some of our
existing ordinances, and relevant state law. Councilman Wing had hoped to discuss these
issues as a part of the "City Council Presentations" section at one of our previous Council
I meetings, but the lateness of the hour typically thwarted those efforts. This is a subject
area which Mayor Don Chmiel and I have discussed over this same time frame, and the
issue was additionally presented by Councilman Workman as a part of our last agenda.
I Ordinance amendments which have been addressed by Council members in discussions
with me include:
I - Minimum age requirement of 21 for sales and service; and
1 - 1) Limitation as to the number of on -sale licenses to one per 2,500
population, or part thereof; and 2) a limitation of one per 5,000 for off -
sale. [Note: The above limitations do not pertain to off -sale non-
1 intoxicating licenses, wine licenses, nor temporary sales. The city currently
has four on -sale licenses and two off -sale, which means that the limitations
I shown would allow one additional off and on -sale license. Typically, this
type of limitation would exclude hotels over 50 or 100 rooms. The
limitations shown above could be applied to off -sale beer licenses, but the
I population limitations would have to be modified recognizing our current 4
off -sale beer licenses]; and
- No new licenses within 300 feet of a school or church; and
os
1 t 4: PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
1
Mayor and City Council 1
April 13, 1992
Page 2 1
- Elimination of off-sale as a conditional use in Business Fringe (BF)
Districts. [Note: The existing license at Highways 41 and 7 would be
• grandfathered if this restriction were enacted. The use would have to
cease for a one year period of time before that license would lose its
grandfather rights.]
Should the Council wish to pursue modifying the existing liquor ordinances to include
any or all of the above, a public hearing process should be initiated to gain the input of
existing license holders. Should the Council wish to make any of the modifications noted
and authorize the hearing process, I would suggest the hearing itself be held by the 1
Public Safety Commission and that their recommendation be obtained as a part of that
process.
O 4 0 4 1)
410.
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, CHANHASSEN .
.,..
t 690 COULTER DRIVE • P.O. BOX 147 • CHANHASSEN, MINNESOTA 55317
7 (612) 937 -1900 • FAX (612) 937 -5739
II
MEMORANDUM
1 TO: Don Ashworth, City Manager
II FROM: Richard Wing, Councilman
DATE: January 13, 1992
II SUBJ: Alcohol Licensing
II The Chanhassen City Council recently took bold, innovative, and
effective steps to control the sales and availability of
cigarettes. The Council clearly defined such sales as a hazard to
1 our youth and acted accordingly. In other action, the Council gave
financial support to the Drug Task Force. With this history of
leadership, I feel the Council should likewise address one final
issue - -that of alcohol sales and licensing in the City of
I Chanhassen. As with cigarettes, there is no intent to ban the sale
of alcohol in our city, but rather evaluate the access to alcohol
and how our licensing procedures, zoning, or lack of same might
1 affect the use of alcohol and related social problems.
I believe the Chanhassen City Council needs to address t h e
II philosophical question of liquor licbnses and numbers of liquor
licenses in Chanhassen, and direct staff to draft and /or clarify
needed ordinances.
11 Are we supporting a known public health problem by lack of controls
on locations or numbers? Should we take an active position on
alcohol sales as we did on cigarettes? I have included some
II comments of a general nature regarding liquor sales:
1. Bars and taverns sell one - quarter of the alcohol. Bars
II and taverns account for over 50% of impaired drivers.
2. Liquor sales, when paired with food as the central role
II and with alcohol as an auxiliary use, are generally safe,
low risk licenses.
3. Expanded market equals expanded sales equals expanded
11 problems.
II
. 4: PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER .
II
Mr. Don Ashworth
January 13, 1992
Page 2
4. Distance traveled to buy alcohol and higher prices affect ,
sales. Longer distances and higher prices have a limited
control in reduction of alcohol use.
5. Discussion of alcohol should be pulled out of any ,
discussion of business and discussed only as a health
problem in its sales as a drug. The reason alcohol is
licensed is to control the legal supply and thereby
minimize the risk.
6. Alcohol outlets are in business to maximize the sale and
use of alcohol. It is our right as a city to say no,
control licenses, and impact this sale and usage.
7. Proliferation of outlets long term, once established, are
very difficult to bring back or close down. It's better
to control numbers and types of licenses now.
8. 3.2 beer is intoxicating.
What might risk reduction strategies be? What role can this
Council play in minimizing the negative impact on our community
brought about by alcohol abuse?
I have included a brief review of our present types and numbers of
licenses available in Chanhassen, along with a similar review of
current zoning ordinances that pertain to alcohol sales.
Zoning:
1. BN or Neighborhood Business District ,
Intent: Low intensity retail service shops. Is a liquor
store retail? Although poorly defined, it may or may not
be a permitted use in a BN District. In a BN District,
no bars or taverns are allowed.
2. BH or Business Highway District 1
Intent: Highway- oriented commercial use. In the BH
district, liquor stores are allowed. Taverns and bars
are not. However, the BH district does allow hotels and
motels. If a restaurant is involved, is liquor
permitted? The phrase "standard restaurant" needs to be
defined. '
3. CBD or Central Business District
Liquor stores, bars, taverns, and restaurants with bars
are permitted. Basically, no liquor restrictions.
1
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' Mr. Don Ashworth
January 13, 1992
Page 3
4. BG or General Business District
Intent: Downtown fringe commercial. The BG District
1 allows taverns, bars, restaurants; but does not
specifically state liquor stores.
Perhaps the most important issue, and the Council's greatest
control, lies in its licensing powers. The following is a brief
review of types and numbers of licenses presently allowed. All
licensing falls under state liquor statute 340A or Minnesota Rules
7515.
Licenses
1 1. Non - Intoxicating 3.2
All licenses are city controlled. There are no state
restrictions or numbers. Examples would be the Holiday Gas
Station beer sales, etc.
2. Intoxicating On -Sale (Bars /Taverns)
Chanhassen is presently a Class III city (population 12,000 +).
' There is a maximum number of 12 liquor licenses available by
state law. This number can be increased by special
referendum. Included in this section would be restaurants and
hotels.
1 3. Intoxicating Off -Sale (Liquor Stores)
Again, solely left up to the city. No state restrictions on
numbers.
Only on -sale bars and taverns are controlled by state. All others
are city controlled.
Ages - State Law
1 1. One must be 18 years or older to sell intoxicating liquor on
or off sale. An 18 year old can sell and bartend hard liquor.
2. Non - intoxicating 3.2 licenses must be 16 years of age or older
to sell. A 16 year old at the Holiday gas station can sell
beer.
1 The city can be stricter than state, but not more lenient.
Of special note is our recent concern for 16 year olds selling
cigarettes. It is currently legal for 16 year olds to sell alcohol
1
1
Mr. Don Ashworth
January 13, 1992
Page 4
and 18 year olds to sell alcohol and bartend in Chanhassen. This
is an additional issue that I believe needs addressing.
Ownership
1
1. On -Sale Intoxicating Bars and Taverns: One owner may own more
than one. Issues that arise are: ,
a. Who should share in the wealth?
b. Bad apples are multiplied if a license holder owns more
than one bar and doesn't work out.
Ownership and related numbers are controlled by the city.
2. Off -Sale Intoxicating Liquor Stores: State law restricts one ,
store to one owner in city only.
Control measures currently used in other cities include liquor '
control districts which confine all liquor sales to one
specific area.
3. Some cities reserve the majority of intoxicating on -sale
licenses for hotels and restaurants, i.e. low risk licensing.
4. Must be 21 to sell or mix on /off sale intoxicating liquor. '
5. Restrict to specific zones, i.e. not allowed in Neighborhood
Business Districts.
6.' Restrict distances between or proximity to churches, schools,
etc. '
7. Many cities require strong educational training for sellers
and servers of alcohol to include recognition of impaired, ID
requirements, service intervention, restricting exit, etc.
What training do we presently require?
I believe liquor control and liquor licensing is an issue that
needs to be addressed and clarified by this Council. License
numbers, zoning, and definitions need clarification and ordinances
brought up to date in line with Council wishes. I am requesting
the City Council's consideration in addressing the sale, licensing,
and public health issues involving alcohol, and would hope that we
could be as aggressive and decisive as we were in the control of
cigarettes. Specifically, I would like to address:
1. The numbers and locations of future liquor stores, bars and
taverns and adjust zoning ordinances accordingly.
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Mr. Don Ashworth
January 13, 1992
Page 5
1 2. The number of liquor licenses overall, intoxicating and non -
intoxicating, with special attention to intoxicating on -sale.
The question this raises is, when is a restaurant a restaurant
and not a bar, such as the conditional use permit granted to
P.J.'s at Highways 41 and 7.
3. Ages of sellers. I believe our ordinances should at least be
in line with the age requirements required in the sale of
cigarettes.
4. Define licensing intents with a license preference and
possibly limits on all city liquor licenses.
5. With the proper state laws and city ordinances, perhaps this
issue is self - controlling and requires no review or changes.
1 Enclosures (2)
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xoutn Access to Alcohol
Sample Intervention Strategies
Enforcement 1
• Police notify retailers of age of sale laws and enforcement policy
• Citizen monitoring of outlets selling to youth
• Decoy operations on outlets
• Enforcement of laws prohibiting provision of alcohol to minors
• Comprehensive approach to access laws, e.g., police attempt to identify source of alcohol after
alcohol incident involving a minor
Institutional policies
1
• Written policies at alcohol establishments on underage sales
• All beer kegs sold have purchaser's name and address recorded
• Alcohol -free schools
• Alcohol -free public spaces
• Alcohol -free recreational opportunities for youth
• Eliminate alcohol ads and promotion at public events especially where youth are present
• Mandatory training for new servers; updated training for continuing employees '
• Enforcement of institutional policies (schools, workplace)
1
Regulations
• Public hearings for new and renewal liquor licenses
• Reduce hours of sale, early closing hours to reduce nighttime off -sale access
• Planning and zoning ordinances
• Restrict sales at locations where teenagers have easy access (e.g., gas stations,
1
convenience stores)
• Restrict sales practices that particularly encourage underage consumption (e.g., pitcher
service at bars)
• Mandate training of all commericial servers
• Zone alcohol -free public areas
Community Education
• Create social pressure against providing alcohol to youth
• Education of alcohol establishments including: server training, identification of underage
youth and false ID
111
• Parent education
• Youth education
• Media advocacy 1
• Speakers' bureau
• Counter -ads and counter promotions
• Call attention to ads that appeal to youth
1
2/91: U of MN, Epidemiology, Alcohol/Drug Program
1
Community -Level Policy Options to Influence Norms around
Teenage Alcohol Use and to Reduce Availability of Alcohol to Teenagers
Voluntary Efforts
1. Provide alcohol free recreational events and gathering places
2. Encourage news reporting of alcohol - related problems and crashes
3. Establish an alcohol awareness week with appropriate community activities
4. Provide model alcohol policies for recreational settings
5. Help to establish, reinforce and recognize appropriate behavior of law
enforcement officials, judges, businesses etc.
I • 6. Work with youth - oriented adult groups to increase awareness, generate
support for policy approaches
7. Publicize parental and server liability laws
8. Media advocacy for limiting access to teenagers to alcohol
Enforcement of Existing Laws
1. Increase enforcement of minimum age of sale laws
2. Increase enforcement of alcohol- impaired driving laws for youth
3. Increase enforcement of laws relating to alcohol consumption in public places
Local Ordinances, Administrative Policies
1. Require training and certification of alcohol sellers and servers
2. Restrict alcohol sales at sporting, music, and other public events frequented
by teenagers
- 3. Restrict number and type of alcohol outlets
4. Restrict alcohol advertising on billboards, at public events, oriented to young
people, on public property
5. Use zoning ordinances and reviews to limit number and location of alcohol
outlets
6. Mandate local license review to insure compliance with alcohol policies
7. Eliminate alcohol industry sponsorship of local public events
School -based Policies
1. Eliminate alcohol at any school functions
2. Sanctions for alcohol users at non - school events
3. Increase enforcement of school based policies
1
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1 4/91: 'Forster, U of MN. School of Public Health
Minnesota Student Survey 1
Conducted in 1989
Statewide results
Golf, crz4
1. Alcohol Use M .(9) F M (12) F 1
Use Monthly, Weekly or Daily 27% 27% 60% 51%
11. Source 1
-Older Friends (53 %), Adults (24 %), Siblings (18 %)
- Parties (56 %), Bar (26 %),
III. Ease of Access
9th Grade: 72% said easy or very easy to obtain alcohol
12th Grade: 88% said easy or very easy to obtain alcohol 1
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- 1 CHAPTER 1
,;- _ . __ ..'.. _1. = The Impact of
, - , _ - 1 Alcohol and 1
- : �•. =: -` Othe Drug Use
.. and the
Importance of
- ..._ _ �. „.. - ; . - _ - 1 Prevention 1
The Importance and Payoffs of Prevention 1
Alcohol and other drug problems cost society in real 1
dollars and in pain and suffering. These problems are
often closely associated with such problems as automobile
crashes, incest, child abuse, assault, vandalism, rape, and
many other crimes. A personal understanding results
when you experience or observe the negative conse-
quences of alcohol and other drug abuse in people with
. whom we live, work, and play. The discussion that fol-
lows should clarify the impact that the use of alcohol and
other drugs has on American youth and society. .
Those experiencing alcohol and other drug problems
and their families live with disruution in their lives.
•
They often experience loss of income, accidents, injuries,
illnesses, strained relationships, and involvement in '
crime. The use of alcohol and other drugs by youth can I
have particularly serious consequences, as all too often it
prevents young people from reaching their intellectual,
social, and emotional potential — ingredients thought to
be important for future personal and economic success.
For example, when alcohol and other drugs are used
young people do not acquire healthy skills for overcoming .
social awkwardness, or for tolerating anxiety and bore-
dom. Alcohol and other drugs may also predispose young
people to high -risk behaviors such as sexual behavior
that may result in unwanted pregnancy or infection with
sexually transmitted diseases. Alcohol and other drug
I
use combined with driving too often result in related traf-
fic fatalities. In fact, the 16- to 24- year -old age group is
. 1
1
I The Impact of Alcohol c 1 Other Drug Use and the 0 .
. •
Importance of Preventio.t
the only age group in our society for whom life expectancy
1 is not increasing because of alcohol- related traffic crashes. c
1
Those who use alcohol and other drugs affect the lives 1
I of others. The most visible casualties are victims of is
alcohol- or other drug - related automobile crashes and vic- d
tuns of crimes committed to support an addict's alcohol or 1
I other drug habit. Less visible are the wives, husbands,
sons, daughters, sisters, and brothers that are affected by fi
the alcohol or other drug use of a family member. There a
I are 28 million children of alcoholics in the United States o
alone, 7 million of whom are under the age of 18. The
children of alcoholics endure a great deal of stress and
II abuse as a direct result of living with an alcoholic parent ti
and may develop problems that persist throughout adult- ti
hood. Husbands and wives may also experience physical b:
I and psychological trauma. These families also dis- p
proportionately suffer other losses, including the loss it
from incarceration or death of the dependent or addicted
1 family member. _
Alcohol use is involved in up to 50 percent of spousal
I abuse cases ( NIAAA Fif lh Special Report to Congress),
49 percent of all murders, 68 percent of manslaughter
charges, between 20 and 35 percent of suicides, more
I than 62 percent of assaults, 52 percent of rapes, and 38
percent of child abuse fatalities (NIAAA Sixth Special
Report to Congress) (see Figure 1.1). Figures such as
I these and others lead George Gallup, Jr., to say, "America •
does not have a crime problem. America does not have
. a problem of job absenteeism and low productivity. A
I America does not have a teenage pregnancy problem.
America does not have a problem of broken homes and
marriages. America has an alcohol and drug problem."
1 Research has conclusively shown that the physical
and psychological health of the young people of this coun-
I try is best served by entirely preventing their use of alco-
hol and other drugs. The cost of not intervening to
prevent alcohol and other drug use is great. The earlier a
I youth begins to drink alcohol and to use other drugs, the
greater the likelihood of later alcohol and other drug
problems. Alcohol and other drug use before age 15
I greatly increases the risk of sustained problematic use in Fir,
the future. In addition, the use of one psychoactive sub- "
stance (e.g., tobacco, beer, wine, or marijuana) has, on the ` s Ail 1 average, a predictable relationship to the eventual use of
. 187
1 2
1
. vention Plus II
other psychoactive drugs (such as cocaine, hallucinogens,
i-
barbituates, stimulants, or opiates). Although still po
ble, those individuals who do not use alcohol, tobacco, or
illicit drugs (with the exception of abused prescription
drugs) before age 25 are unlikely to startuem 1 them
88).
later (13th Annual High School Senior y,
1
Attitudes concerning alcohol and other drug use are I
formed early— usually during preadolescence and early
adolescence. Consequently, the prevention of alcohol and
other drug use must begin very early. 1
In October 1986, the Anti -Drug Abuse Act was passed,
thereby creating the Office for Substance Abuse Preven-
t lion (OSAP). The establishment of this Federal office was
based on the growing understanding of the importance of
prevention and signals a new era for progress in combat-
ing alcohol- and 'other drug - related problems. OSAP, .
Up to 50%
Spousal Abuse *
20 -35% + 50%
Suicides
Traffic Fatalities
I
u Alcohol and
62% other drugs ♦ 49%
Assaults +I re associated Murders
are with
68% ap M anslaughter 111 Rapes Charges
i NI■ 38% 69% 1
Child Abuse Drownings
I
Figure 1.1 America Has a Big Problem with Alcohol and Other Drugs
• As reported in the NIAAA Special Report to Congress, 1983. III
p
All other percentages were reported in the 1VIAAA Sixth Special Rep ort to Congress, •
1987. ,
II
3
i
•
_ _. _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ __ _ __._ _ _ _ _ _ .._ _ _ ... ___ ____,„ INI■ ma mom .... Eionia • — - . "
1 . The Impact of Alcohol c ' Other Drug Use and the _ _
Importance of Prevention
1 with support from the National Institute on Drug To
Ot
Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism (also within the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and
I Mental Health Administration), serves as a resource to —
0
States, communities, industry, and many other voluntary
I and professional organizations helping to diminish —
alcohol- and other drug - related problems. C<
•
The statistics that follow (in the box and in Table 1.1)
1 portray the breadth of alcohol and other drug problems.
Unfortunately, most people have been and repeatedly will l
be touched by alcohol and other drug problems at some
1 time in their lives — either through use by a friend, rela-
tive, co- worker, or stranger or by their own use.
I RE
I n 1988, there were 247 million people in America. Of these it 1
is estimated' that:
I • Over 28 million are children of alcoholics.
I =1 out of8
1
• Of the 28 million, 1 out of 4 is under age 18.
1 Alcohol and other drug problems cost money:
$117,000,000,000 = Alcohol- related Costs
60,000,000,000 = Other Drug - related Costs Tc
$177,000,000,000 = Yearly Total*
I In 1983, there were 234 million people in America. In that year, •• r
the total cost to society in dollars and cents—not in suffering and S,
pain for alcohol abuse and alcoholism was a staggering $117 bil- ne,
I lion and, for other drug abuse, $60 billion (see Table 1.1). This oor
represents approximately $756 for each man, woman, and child _
in America, or $63 a month. In the long run, the whole society
pays for the negative consequences of alcohol and other drug use.
I Employers experience losses in productivity, taxpayers pay the
bills for programs and services, and consumers pay higher insur-
ance premiums. $177 billion would buy 1.75 million houses cost -
I ing $100,000 each. If we prevented alcohol and other drug
problems, this money could be spent to improve the standard of
living of all persons.
1 • 1 National Association for Children of Alcoholics (NACol).
2 Research Triangle Institute, 1983 figures, rounded off.
1
4
•
1
. - - II ;evention Plus II
•
1
Table 1.1 Estimated Costs to U.S. Society of Alcohol Abuse and
Other Drug Abuse in 1983 (Inmillions)
Costs Alcohol Drug Total
Abuse Abuse 1
Core Costs •
Direct 1
Treatment and Support $14,685 $ 2,049 $16,734
Indirect
Mortality 18,151 2,486 20,637
Reduced Productivity ' 65,582 33,346 98,928
Lost Employment 5,323 405 5,728
1
Related Costs
Direct 1
Motor Vehicle Crashes 2,667 * 2,667
Crime 2,607 6,565 9,172
I Social Welfare 49 3 52
Other 3,673 677 4,350
Indirect I
Victims of Crime 192 945 1,137
Crime Careers 0 10,846 10,846
Incarceration 2,979 2,425 5,404
Motor Vehicle Crashes 583 * 583 1
$ Total $116,491 $59,747 $176,238
t 1
• No data available.
I
Source: "Economic Costs to Society of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and Mental Ill -
II
ness,'study for the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration,
Ili
conducted by the Research Triangle Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, 1984.
1
1
1
1 1 - .
11
5 I 311
I
The Impact of Alcohol and Other Drug Use and the
' h cn p ortance o fPreventi _
So
• Some people think that drug abuse is something that happens
of
only in poor neighborhoods, but
• One in 37 high school seniors uses marijuana daily, and
1 in 7 reported using marijuana daily at some time in
his or her life (14th and 13th Annual Survey of High
School Seniors, respectively, University of Michigan's
Institute for Social Research, 1988 data; see Table 1.2
for more complete figures).
• One in 23 high school seniors drinks alcohol every day
and nearly 2 in 5 become intoxicated at least once every
2 weeks (14th Annual Survey of High School Seniors,
University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research,
1988 data; see Table 1.2).
• Thirty -four percent of sixth graders experience peer
pressure to use marijuana (Weekly Reader National
Survey of Drugs and Drinking, spring 1987, Field
Publication, Middletown, CT; see Figure 1.2).
• Fifty -one percent of sixth graders experience peer pres-
sure to drink beer, wine, or liquor (Weekly Reader
National Survey on Drugs and Drinking, spring 1987,
Field Publications, Middletown, CT; see Figure 1.3).
1 • Whereas it can take many years for an adult to become
alcoholic, it often takes only 6 to 18 months of heavy
drinking for an adolescent to become alcoholic (Ameri-
can Psychiatric Association).
• Americana pay more than $33 million each year result-
ing from lost productivity because of drug abuse ("Eco- Son
nomic Costs to Society of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, and becF
Mental Illness," Research Triangle Institute, Chapel live
Hill, NC, 1984).
• Five hundred
thirty -three hospital emergency rooms,
' primarily in 21 metropolitan areas, saw an increase
across diverse population groups of 454 percent in men-
tions of cocaine use over a 5-year period ending in June
' 1988 (Drug Abuse Warning Network; see Table 1.3).
1
1
6
•
Prevention Plus 11
. 411 • _I .I
' Some Americans think that drinking too much is funny or part
of being a man (or woman), or sexy, or fun, but
• Alcohol- impaired driving is the leading cause of death
for young people. In 1986, alcohol - related highway acci-
dents killed nearly 9,00015- to 24 -year -olds, accounting
for 38 percent of all alcohol - related highway deaths that
year (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
Fatal Accident Reporting System, 1986).
I
• One -third of all teenagers have problems related to
their alcohol consumption (National Institute on Alcohol
Abuse and Alcoholism, Alcohol Consumption and Re-
lated Problems. Alcohol and Health Monograph No. 1,
DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 82-1190, 1982).
I
■ About one - fourth of all American homes have been
affected by alcohol - related family problems (Gallup
Poll, Apri11987).
• Liver cirrhosis, often caused by drinking, is the ninth
leading cause of death (National Institute on Alcohol
I
Abuse and Alcoholism, Sixth Special Report to Congress
on Alcohol and Health, 1987). I
• Analysis of mortality data on direct or contributing
causes of death linked specifically to alcohol showed
that death caused by excessive blood alcohol resulted in
an average estimated loss of 29.1 years of potential life
and death from alcohol abuse resulted in an average es-
timated loss of 24.1 years of potential life (National In- I
stitute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Sixth Special
Report to Congress on Alcohol and Health,1987).
Some problems are greater for specific groups of people either 1
because of body differences or because the communities they
live in contribute to the problems. For instance,
■ Women become intoxicated more quickly than men do
because they generally have more fat and less muscle in 1
their bodies.
- • Native Americans seem prone to genetic vulnerabilities
that make them more sensitive than the general popula- I
lion to the effects of alcohol and that contribute to a -
greater susceptibility for developing alcoholism.
• People who eat poorly because they may not have access 1
to healthy foods may have more physical problems
1
i 1
_............_.__.L.L.i...................j
Importance of rrevennon1 k
re lated to alcohol co nsumption, su ch as liver damage, -.
than people who have nutritionally sound diets. •
I • People who smoke or who are exposed to asbestos or ,c
other cancer - causing substances are more likely to
develop alcohol- related cancers.
1 ss
sc
I Table 1.2 Highlights from the High School Senior Survey,
the Class of 1988 Zr
Ever Used Past Month Daily Use
I (%) (%) ( %) 20
Alcohol 92.0 63.9 4.2
Cigarettes 66.4 28.7 18.1 15
1 Marijuana 4 7.2 18.0 2.7
Stimulants 19.8 4.6 0.3 10
Inhalants 17.5 3.0 0.3
Cocaine 12.1 3.4 0.2 s
Tranquilizers 9.4 1.5 0.0
Hallucinogens 9.2 2.3 0.0 c
I Sedatives 7.8 1.4 0.1
Crack 4.8 1.6 0.1
PCP 2.9 0.3 0.1 Figur
I Heroin 1.1 0.2 0.0 4 f
CT:1
Notes:
This table shows the percentage of high school seniors from the Class of 1988
who have used drugs. 'Ever Used refers to having used at least one time.
`Past Month' means that the student used the drug at least once in the 30
I _ days prior to the study. The High School Senior Survey report from which
these numbers were taken is available from the National Clearinghouse for
Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20852.
I These numbers were gathered in an annual nationwide survey conducted for
the National Institute on Drug Abuse by the University of Michigan Institute
for Social Research. The 1988 survey involved more than 16,000 high school
seniors from public and private schools.
1
1
1
1
•
1
8
1
24
1