The URL can be used to link to this page

1m Code Amend. Elec. Substat. _1-m MEMORANDUM CITY OF CHANHASSEN TO: Todd Gerhardt, City Manger FROM: Sharrneen AI-Jaff, Senior Planner " \, 7700 Market Boulevard PO Box 147 Chanhassen, MN 55317 DATE: March 14, 2005 Administration Phone 952.227.1100 Fax 952,227.1110 SUBJ: Adoption of Ordinance, City Code Amendments to Chapters 1 and 20 Regulating and Defining Electric Substations Building Inspections Phone 952,227.1180 Fax 952.2271190 ACTION REQUIRED Engineering Phone 952.2271160 Fax 952,227.1170 A simple majority vote of City Council members present is required to adopt the amendment. PLANNING COMMISSION Finance Phone 952.227.1140 Fax 952.227.1110 On January 15,2005, staff prepared five options to regulate Electric Substations in response to Minnesota Valley Electric request to review permitting substations in the Industrial Office Park District (see attached Issue Paper dated January 18,2005). Park & Recreation Phone 952,227.1120 Fax 952,2271110 Recreation Center 2310 Coulter Boulevard Phone 952.2271400 Fax 952.227.1404 Planning & Natural Resources Phone 952,227.1130 Fax 952.227.1110 On February 15,2005, the Planning Commission held a Public hearing to review the ordinance amendment for Electric Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations. The Planning Commission voted 5-0 to approve the ordinance amendment. Planning Commission's concerns included compliance with the Electric Code National Standards regulating fences, electromagnetic fields and current information pertaining to electromagnetic field. The summary and verbatim minutes are item 1a ofthe City Council packet. Public Works 1591 Park Road Phone 952.227.1300 Fax 952,227.1310 RECOMMENDA TION Staff recommends that the City Council adopt the attached ordinance for Chapter 1 and Chapter 20 of the Chanhassen City Code. Senior Center Phone 952,227.1125 Fax 952.227.1110 ATTACHMENT l. Planning Commission Staff Report dated February 15, 2005. Web Site www.ci.chanhassen.mn.us The City of Chanhassen · A growing community with clean lakes, quality schools, a charming downtown, thriving businesses, winding trails, and beautllul parks, A great place to live, work, and play CITY OF CHANHASSEN 7700 Market Boulevard PO Box 147 Chanhassen, MN 55317 Administration Phone 952,2271100 Fax 952.227.1110 Building Inspections Phone 952.227.1180 Fax, 952,227.1190 Engineering Phone 952.227.1160 Fax 952.227.1170 Finance Phone 952.227.1140 Fax 952,227.1110 Park & Recreation Phone 952,227.1120 Fax 952.227.1110 Recreation Center 2310 Coulter Boulevard Phone 952.227.1400 Fax 952.2271404 Planning & Natural Resources Phone 952,227.1130 Fax 952,227.1110 Public Works 1591 Park Road Phone 952.2271300 Fax 952,227.1310 Senior Center Phone 952.227.1125 Fax 952,227.1110 Web Site www.ci.chanhassen.mn.us ~ MEMORANDUM TO: Planning Commission FROM: Sharmeen Al-Jaff, Senior Planner r~' DATE: February 15, 2005 SUBJ: City Code Amendments to Chapters 1 and 20 Regulating and Defining Electric Substations BACKGROUND On January 18,2005, staff presented an issue paper to the Planning Commission with five alternatives for dealing with the electric substations (see attachment #1). The Planning Commission directed staff to pursue Option 4 (Consider allowing Distribution Substations and Underground Distribution Substations only. These uses can be permitted as a conditional use permit in the IOP district and A-2 district that is guided Office/Industrial). Staff prepared new definitions for Distribution Substations and Underground Distribution Substations. We have also amended the conditional use permit standards for Distribution Substations and Underground Distribution Substations by requiring Electromagnetic Field (EMF) levels, measures to minimize EMF, and current research regarding the health effects of EMF levels. The final change was within the Agricultural Estate District (A-2) and Industrial Office Park District (lOP). Both Districts are limited to Distribution Substations and Underground Distribution Substations only. RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends approval of the attached amendments to Chapters 1 and 20. All new language is shaded, and deletions have been struck through. ATTACHMENTS 1. Issue Paper dated January 18,2005. 2. Ordinance. 3. Notice of Public Hearing. g:\plan\code amendments\electric substations - chapter 20-814\ordinance,doc SCANNeD The City of Chanhassen · A growing community with clean lakes, quality schools, a charming downtown, thriving businesses, winding trails, and beautiful parks A great place to live, work and play, CITY OF CHANHASSEN 7700 Market Boulevard PO Box 147 Chanhassen, MN 55317 Administration Phone 952.2271100 Fax 952,227.1110 Building Inspections Phone 952.227.1180 Fax 952,227.1190 Engineering Phone 952.2271160 Fax 952227.1170 Finance Phone 952.227.1140 Fax 952,227.1110 Park & Recreation Phone 952.2271120 Fax 952.227.1110 Recreation Center 2310 Coulter Boulevard Phone 952.227.1400 Fax 952.227.1404 Planning & Natural Resources Phone 952.227.1130 Fax 952,2271110 Public Works 1591 Park Road Phone 952.227.1300 Fax 952,227.1310 Senior Center Phone 952,227.1125 Fax 952.227.1110 Web Site wwwci,chanhassen,mn,us w MEMORANDUM TO: Planning Commission FROM: Sharrneen Al-Jaff, Senior Planner DATE: January 18,2004 SUBJ: Issue Paper - Code Amendment to Chapter 20-814 to Permit Electric Substations as a Conditional Use in IOP Districts BACKGROUND Staff has been contacted by Mr. Ron Jabs, Community Relations Specialist with Minnesota Valley Electric Cooperative (MVEC). The purpose of the call was to propose a new 115KV (kilovolt) substation to be located on property zoned office industrial located in the southwest corner of the City of Chanhassen. The total area of the site is 16.94 acres. The westerly portion of the site is occupied by Gedney Pickle. The eastern portion, approximately 2.5 acres in size, is vacant. The property south of the subject site contains an Xcel Energy transmission switching station. MVEC wishes to subdivide the easterly 2.5 acres and located a substation on it. The City of Chanhassen . A growing community with clean lakes, quality schools, a charming downtown, thriving businesses, winding trails, and beautiful parks, A great place to live, work, and play, Planning Commission Issue Paper on Code Amendment for Electric Substations January I8, 2005 Page 2 Mr. Jabs wrote the following e-mail: "Due to tremendous growth within our service areas, MVEC is looking to proactively look for substation sites in advance of their immediate need. Current projections indicate a targeted need for a substation and supportive facilities in the very Southwest corner of Chanhassen. We have identified a site that is adjacent to current electric transmission and also MVEC's Distribution feeder system. Those features limit impacts to area property owners. We understand the site to be reserved for future industrial use as water and sewer becomes available to this area in the probably distant future. Substations are built in a wide range of sizes and capacities. We would like to sub-divide the property and purchase only that portion necessary for our use. We are proposing a relatively small facility that would have all equipment within approximately 150 by 160 foot area. Over all, about a 2 acre site would be about what we would need depending on location and screening needs. This area would be secured with fence, include a small parking area outside and be well screened around the perimeter with vegetation. Once constructed, our trips in and out of the facility are significantly less than a residence and typically involve lawn mowing, taking readings, and occasional resetting of breakers, probably in the order of frequency. We normally have no need for water or sewer. " The type of substation proposed in this case is a "Distribution Substation". These are located near to the end users. Distribution substation transformers change the subtransmission voltage to lower levels for use by end users. CHANHASSEN CITY CODE The City Code defines Electrical Substation as a subsidiary station in which electrical current is transformed. They are allowed as a conditional use permit in the Agricultural Estate District only and are subject to the following conditions: Sec. 20-264. Electrical substations. Electrical substations are subject to the following conditions: (1) The substation must be served by a collector or major arterial street as designated in the comprehensive plan. (2) The substation will not have sanitary facilities and will not be used for habitation. (3) The substation will be located on at least five (5) acres of property. (4) A six-foot high security fence shall surround the substation. (5) A landscaping plan shall be submitted for city approval. (6) Substations shall be a minimum of five hundred (500) feet from single-family residences. In order for MVEC to locate their substation on the selected site, the City will need to amend the zoning ordinance to allow substations as a conditional use permit in the IOP District. Also, the Planning Commission Issue Paper on Code Amendment for Electric Substations January 18, 2005 Page 3 current ordinance requires substations to maintain a 500-foot setback from single-family residences. The subject site is located approximately 200 feet from a mobile home park located south of Stoughton A venue. The ordinance requires the site to be served via a collector or major arterial street as designated in the comprehensive plan. Stoughton Avenue is not classified as either but functions as a collector. And finally, the lot size requested by MVEC is 2.5 acres. The ordinance currently requires 5 acres. CITY CODE FROM OTHER COMMUNITIES Staff researched city codes from other communities pertaining to electric substations and found the following: City of Minnetonka: A substation is permitted as a conditional use in all districts with the following requirements: · for an electrical transmission line or substation, a summary of current research regarding the health effects of EMF levels, conducted by health and scientific professionals, including those who do and do not receive utility sponsorship; · for an electrical transmission line or substation, EMF levels under maximum and average anticipated loading at the base of the utility poles, underneath the wires between the poles, at ground level above underground wires, at the edge of the property line, at the edge of the closest habitable building, and at the point above ground where there would be the greatest EMF level; · for an electrical transmission line or substation, reasonable and prudent measures to minimize EMF levels along all alternative routes; and · depictions of the views of the proposed facility, if above ground, from at least two directions selected by city staff. City of Chaska: · No regulations. Substations are permitted in the City. Carver County: · No regulations. It is considered an essential service and is permitted in the county. ELECTRIC SUBSTATIONS Staff has been studying electric substations for the past few months. There are generally four types of substations: Planning Commission Issue Paper on Code Amendment for Electric Substations January 18, 2005 Page 4 Step-up Transmission Substation: receives electric power from a nearby generating facility and uses a large power transformer to increase the voltage for transmission to distant locations. Step-down Transmission Substation: are located at switching points in an electrical grid. They connect different parts of a grid and are a source for subtransmission lines or distribution lines. The step-down substation can change the transmission voltage to a subtransmission voltage, usually 69 kV. The subtransmission voltage lines can then serve as a source to distribution substations. Sometimes, power is tapped from the subtransmission line for use in an industrial facility along the way. Otherwise, the power goes to a distribution substation. Distribution Substation: are located near to the end-users. Distribution substation transformers change the transmission or subtransmission voltage to lower levels for use by end- users (this is the type of substation MVEC is proposing). Planning Commission Issue Paper on Code Amendment for Electric Substations January 18,2005 Page 5 Underground Distribution Substation: are also located near to the end-users. Distribution substation transformers change the subtransmission voltage to lower levels for use by end-users. ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDIELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD (EMF) A common subject associated with electric substations is electromagnetic fields (EMF). EMF are invisible lines of force that surround any electrical device. Power lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment all produce EMF. Attached are some documents from The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Minnesota Department of Health addressing EMF. DISCUSSION As mentioned earlier, in order for MVEC to locate their substation on the selected site, the City will need to amend the zoning ordinance to allow substations as a conditional use permit in the IOP District. Under the current definition of substation, all four types are permitted as a conditional use permit in the A-2 District. Staff prepared five options for the Planning Commission to consider: Option 1 Since there are several types of substations, the City may wish to consider a different set of regulations for each type. The larger the substation, the more restrictive the ordinances regulating the substation (larger acreage and additional screening). Option 2 Treat all substations the same, regardless of size but allow them in the IOP district in addition to the A-2 district. Option 3 Treat all substations the same, regardless of size but allow them in the IOP district in addition to the A-2 district and allow less acreage in the IOP district. Planning Commission Issue Paper on Code Amendment for Electric Substations January 18, 2005 Page 6 Option 4 Consider allowing Distribution substations and Underground Distribution Substations only. These uses can be permitted as a conditional use permit in the IOP district and A-2 district that is guided Office/Industrial. Option 5 Leave ordinance as is. SUMMARY Five alternatives for dealing with the electric substations have been suggested for your review. Staff is seeking your direction on the most appropriate course of action. A TT ACHMENTS 1. Notice of Public Hearing. 2. EMF Documents from The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Minnesota Department of Health. 3. Map of Industrial Office Park (IOP) District land abutting arterial or collector streets. g:\plan\code amendments\electric substations - chapter 20-814\electric sub stations issue paper.doc NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING CITY OF CHANHASSEN NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Chanhassen Planning Commission will hold a public hearing on Tuesday, January 18,2005, at 7:00 p.m. in the Council Chambers in Chanhassen City Hall, 7700 Market Boulevard. The purpose of this hearing is to review changes to Chapter 20-814 of the Chanhassen City Code to permit electric substations, as a conditional use in IOP districts. The proposed changes are available for public review at City Hall during regular business hours. All interested persons are invited to attend this public hearing and express their opinions with respect to this proposal. Sharmeen AI-Jaff, Senior Planner Phone: 952-227-1134 Email: saliaff@ci.chanhassen.mn.us (Publish in the Chanhassen Villager on January 6,2005) G:\PLAN\Code Amendments\Electric Substations - Chapter 20-814\PH Notice to Villager 1-6-05 Chapter 20-814,doc Page 1 of 6 EMF Basics - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 _totl .0 It.~. ~ Of In¥kOruntimtaf Neœtft SGløo.. 1 EMF Basics This chapter reviews terms you need to know to have a basic understanding of electric and magnetic fields (EMF), compares EMF with other forms of electromagnetic energy, and briefly discusses how such fields may affect us. · What are electric and magnetic fields? · How is the term EMF used in this booklet? · How are power-frequency EMF different from other types of electromagnetic energy? · How are alternating current sources of EMF different from direct current sources? · What happens when I am exposed to EMF? · Doesn't the earth produce EMF? Q What are electric and magnetic fields? A Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are invisible lines of force that surround any electrical device. Power lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment all produce EMF. There are many other sources of EMF as well. The focus of this booklet is on power- frequency EMF--that is, EM F associated with the generation, transmission, and use of electric power. Electric fields are produced by voltage and increase in http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/booklet/basics.htm \,..1Imp~n b\¡tt~qffi 1æ1t ~,:If!,~W Cllrnurt. Th<t ~nt 01 et«tr1< marg4! (e.g., èJo;ctron4. Mf:jJkted In ~"$W· ~.:fJi'~:ln 12011 ~ {Ofii'lt'ned to <In cope/I f,¡¡utet ~f\dwllh the ~ tutt'iéd on, Noul~ QP¢M Movln9 willl.r In hQ$', fA **Click Here to See Large Image** Voltage produces an electric field and current produces a 1/12/2005 EMF Basics - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 strength as the voltage increases. The electric field strength is measured in units of volts per meter (VIm). Magnetic fields result from the flow of current through wires or electrical devices and increase in strength as the current increases. Magnetic fields are measured in units of gauss (G) or tesla (T). Most electrical equipment has to be turned on, Le., current must be flowing, for a magnetic field to be produced. Electric fields are often present even when the equipment is switched off, as long as it remains connected to the source of electric power. Brief bursts of EMF (sometimes called "transients") can also occur when electrical devices are turned on or off. Page 2 of 6 magnetic field. .,. t t Umr>~ m bwtl.mtdolf. ~~,.-rt.~\ttd, ".~ fl'lYOlbpw ~(V/I'I'I) Of in kl1ovoits per mew CW'/J\'$. "Etullydllefdtd (weakened) by cOfldl.làlllOobf!lCt$ well aJ lrøs IIOd bII1ld1ngs. "Strength decreases rapidly with I~ dlsuncl! fJ«IIIN: $IØUf«" l_" ÍI~I" ðr.d !l.II'flfd iWi. (0.11'0"'1 oow ~a ....11""11< f~.I"" . Me'¡'\,Ired In V- (6) Of ....t... (J). " Not -Pv shielded ('Iwå;eßf'd) by ~tmatC\f"'f. . ~trength dfirl!ases rapidly wnh inc;re,¡,lng çlk!~1! trQfJ'l tho WUfU. **Click Here to See Large Image** An appliance that is plugged in and therefore connected to a source of electricity has an electric field even when the appliance is turned off. To produce a magnetic field, the appliance must be plugged in and turned on so that the current is flowing. Electric fields are shielded or weakened by materials that conduct electricity-- even materials that conduct poorly, including trees, buildings, and human skin. Magnetic fields, however, pass through most materials and are therefore more difficult to shield. Both electric fields and magnetic fields decrease rapidly as the distance from the source increases. **Click Here to See Large Image** You cannot see a magnetic field, but this illustration represents how the strength of the magnetic field can diminish just 1-2 feet (30-61 centimeters) from the source. This magnetic field is a 60-Hz power-frequency field. Even though electrical equipment, appliances, and power lines produce both electric and magnetic fields, most recent research has focused on potential health effects of magnetic field exposure. This is because some epidemiological studies have reported an increased cancer risk associated with estimates of magnetic field exposure. No similar associations have been reported for electric fields; many of the studies examining biological effects of electric fields were essentially negative. http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapidlbookletJbasics.htm 1/1212005 EMF Basics - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 3 of 6 Characteristics of electric and magnetic fields Electric fields and magnetic fields can be characterized by their wavelength, frequency, and amplitude (strength). The graphic below shows the waveform of an alternating electric or magnetic field. The direction of the field alternates from one polarity to the opposite and back to the first polarity in a period of time called one cycle. Wavelength describes the distance between a peak on the wave and the next peak of the same polarity. The frequency of the field, measured in hertz (Hz), describes the number of cycles that occur in one second. Electricity in North America alternates through 60 cycles per second, or 60 Hz. In many other parts of the world, the frequency of electric power is 50 Hz. Q How is the term EMF used in this booklet? A The term "EMF" usually refers to electric and magnetic fields at extremely low frequencies such as those associated with the use of electric power. The term EMF can be used in a much broader sense as well, encompassing electromagnetic fields with low or high frequencies. Measuring EMF: Common Terms Electric fields: Electric field strength is measured in volts per meter (VIm) or in kilovolts per meter (kV 1m). 1 kV = 1000 V Magnetic fields: Magnetic fields are measured in units of gauss (G) or tesla (T). Gauss is the unit most commonly used in the United States. Tesla is the internationally accepted scientific term. 1 T = 10,000 G Since most environmental EMF exposures involve magnetic fields that are only a fraction of a tesla or a gauss, these are commonly measured in units of microtesla (µT) or milligauss (mG). A milligauss is 1/1,000 of a gauss. A microtesla is 1/1,000,000 of a tesla. 1 G = 1,000 mG; 1 T = 1,000,000 µT To convert a measurement from microtesla (µT) to milligauss (mG), multiply by 10.1 µT = 10 mG; 0.1 µT = 1 mG When we use EMF in this booklet, we mean extremely low frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields, ranging from 3 to 3,000 Hz (see page 8). This range includes power-frequency (50 or 60 Hz) fields. In the ELF range, electric and http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/bookletlbasics.htm 1/1212005 EMF Basics - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 magnetic fields are not coupled or interrelated in the same way that they are at higher frequencies. So, it is more useful to refer to them as "electric and magnetic fields" rather than "electromagnetic fields." In the popular press, however, you will see both terms used, abbreviated as EMF. Page 4 of 6 This booklet focuses on extremely low frequency EMF, primarily power- frequency fields of 50 or 60 Hz, produced by the generation, transmission, and use of electricity. Q How are power-frequency EMF different from other types of electromagnetic energy? A X-rays, visible light, microwaves, radio waves, and EMF are all forms of electromagnetic energy. One property that distinguishes different forms of electromagnetic energy is the frequency, expressed in hertz (Hz). Power- frequency EMF, 50 or 60 Hz, carries very little energy, has no ionizing effects, and usually has no thermal effects. Just as various chemicals affect our bodies in different ways, various forms of electromagnetic energy can have very different biological effects. Some types of equipment or operations simultaneously produce electromagnetic energy of different frequencies. Welding operations, for example, can produce electromagnetic energy in the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and radio-frequency ranges, in addition to power-frequency EMF. Microwave ovens produce 60-Hz fields of several hundred milligauss, but they also create microwave energy inside the oven that is at a much higher frequency (about 2.45 billion Hz). We are shielded from the higher frequency fields inside the oven by its casing, but we are not shielded from the 60-Hz fields. Cellular telephones communicate by emitting high-frequency electric and magnetic fields similar to those used for radio and television broadcasts. These radio-frequency and microwave fields are quite different from the extremely low frequency EMF produced by power lines and most appliances. Q How are alternating current sources of EMF different from direct current sources? A Some equipment can run on either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). In most parts of the United States, if the equipment is plugged into a household wall socket, it is using AC electric current that reverses direction in the electrical wiring--or alternates--60 times per second, or at 60 hertz (Hz). If the equipment uses batteries, then electric current flows in one direction only. This produces a "static" or stationary magnetic field, also called a direct current field. Some battery-operated equipment can produce time-varying magnetic fields as part of its normal operation. http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapidlbooklet/basics.htm 1/1212005 EMF Basics - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 5 of 6 )(.rao¡\, about t blDIon tJIItIoo Hr. qIIPtMII*"'" I>OdyIl'ld ~ II'ItttNII Of!WtS aM IlliUtibt~l'I9l~ rrdll'<littu\1d)~ONA, ThIs prO(eølJ (<IUoId ~~. '. 0··''. -.. -,.... .' "- :, \' Mkr__. _rllÍbUIIonHr. <.....~~~.(¡t~ df«\sonl:lcxtt II_I. <AJI J)I'Ii>M ßo».'XIO Mltz 1800.,:00 WI:: I ~..~~.: ~90Hl ~r'!r~U<IDC)' EMf, SO Of 60 Itt, (iilrl",S _,,1,\\.. 'ltnc(9): M no ionizing 4'1T«u and Ulually 00 .th"'rrn.Jt"'.1! q;; IS. 11 ¡...... (M, ~N. UìUW! .~ry ....NII< èlt~ttÎ( (un..-"" 10 n_ m 111(1 bod:.< t 1- X'r~ ~ t IJl'InMoItt t~ \ob\ble light t InfrMtd fadliMion t t MlCt__ ~ t Rðdi~ ! Vf.!l'Jlow frt<!uèn<y(VI.f) )I)()O..)IJo.()(IO Kz bllel'Mfylow frt<!Uèn<.y ([IJ} .)..)(I)Q Hz 01<0<1 (\Jfrl!(\t v .. .. **Click Here to See Large Image** The wavy line at the right illustrates the concept that the higher the frequency, the more rapidly the field varies. The fields do not vary at 0 Hz (direct current) and vary trillions of times per second near the top of the spectrum. Note that 104 means 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 or 10,000 Hz. 1 kilohertz (kHz) = 1,000 Hz. 1 megahertz (MHz) = 1 ,000,000 Hz 01 c: -~ c: o Q What happens when I am exposed to EMF? A In most practical situations, DC electric power does not induce electric currents in humans. Strong DC magnetic fields are present in some industrial environments, can induce significant currents when a person moves, and may be of concern for other reasons, such as potential effects on implanted medical devices. AC electric power produces electric and magnetic fields that create weak electric currents in humans. These are called "induced currents." Much of the research on how EMF may affect human health has focused on AC-induced currents. Electric fields A person standing directly under a high-voltage transmission line may feel a mild shock when touching something that conducts electricity. These sensations are caused by the strong electric fields from the high-voltage electricity in the lines. They occur only at close range because the electric fields rapidly become weaker as the distance from the line increases, Electric fields may be shielded and further weakened by buildings, trees, and other objects that conduct electricity . http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/booklet/basics.htm 1/12/2005 EMF Basics - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Magnetic fields Alternating magnetic fields produced by AC electricity can induce the flow of weak electric currents in the body. However, such currents are estimated to be smaller than the measured electric currents produced naturally by the brain, nerves, and heart. Page 6 of 6 Q Doesn't the earth produce EMF? A Yes. The earth produces EMF, mainly in the form of static fields, similar to the fields generated by DC electricity. Electric fields are produced by air turbulence and other atmospheric activity. The earth's magnetic field of about 500 mG is thought to be produced by electric currents flowing deep within the earth's core. Because these fields are static rather than alternating, they do not induce currents in stationary objects as do fields associated with alternating current. Such static fields can induce currents in moving and rotating objects. The wavy line at the right illustrates the concept that the higher the frequency, the more rapidly the field varies. The fields do not vary at 0 Hz (direct current) and vary trillions of times per second near the top of the spectrum. Note that 104 means 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 or 10,000 Hz. 1 kilohertz (kHz) = 1,000 Hz. 1 megahertz (MHz) = 1,000,000 Hz. You cannot see a magnetic field, but this illustration represents how the strength of the magnetic field can diminish just 1-2 feet (30-61 centimeters) from the source. This magnetic field is a 60-Hz power-frequency field. On to Evaluating Potential Health Effects EMF Questions & Answers Home I Introduction I EMF Basics I Evaluating Potential Health Effects I Results of EMF Research I Your EMF Environment I EMF Exposure Standards I National and International EMF Reviews I References . EMFRAPID Home I NIEHS Home For More Information About EMF: Web Center Last Modified: 01 Oct 2002 http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapidlbooklet/basics.htm 1/1212005 Yoberry Farms Rezoning and Subdivision Planning Case No. 04-43 January 4, 2005 Page 20 a. A final grading plan and soils report must be submitted to the Inspections Division before building permits will be issued. b. Demolition permits must be obtained prior to demolishing any structures on the site. c. Existing wells and on-site sewage treatment systems but be abandoned in accordance with State Law and City Code. d. Separate sewer and water services must be provided each lot. e. Retaining walls more than four feet high must be designed by a professional engineer and a building permit must be obtained prior to construction. f. The developer must coordinate the address changes of the three existing homes with the construction of the development and provide access for emergency vehicles at all times. 39. Fire Marshal conditions: a. A lO-foot clear space must be maintained around fire hydrants, i.e., street lamps, trees, shrubs, bushes, Xcel Energy, Qwest, cable TV and transformer boxes. This is to ensure that fire hydrants can be quickly located and safely operated by firefighters. Pursuant to Chanhassen City Ordinance 9-1. b. No burning permits will be issued for trees to be removed. Trees and shrubs must either be removed from site or chipped. c. Fire apparatus access roads and water supply for fire protection is required to be installed. Such protection shall be installed and made serviceable prior to and during the time of construction except when approved alternate methods of protection are provided. Temporary street signs shall be installed on each street intersection when construction of new roadways allows passage by vehicles. Pursuant to 2002 Minnesota Fire Code Section 501.4. d. Submit proposed street names to Chanhassen Building Official and Chanhassen Fire Marshal for review and approval. e. An additional hydrant will be required at the southernmost tip of Lot 4. Relocate the fire hydrant from between Lots 18 and 19 to between Lots 16 and 17 and add an additional fire hydrant between Lots 1 and 8. 40. On Sheets C3.1, C4.1, C5.1 and L2.1 of the plans, a gap appears on the western edge of Lots 4, 19, 20 and 21 of Block 1 and Outlot A, Yoberry Farm. This gap must be eliminated. 41. A windmill appears within the front yard setback on Lot 4, Block 1, Yoberry Farm. The applicant shall remove or relocate this structure prior to final plat recording. 42. Approval of this subdivision is contingent upon vacation of existing drainage and utility easements located on Lots 1 through 3, Block 2, Yoberry Farm 2nd Addition. 43. The applicant shall remove the sidewalk on the west side of Gunflint Trail. 44. Trees that should be located prior to grading field verified as to whether or not they should be removed include: #312, #42, #192, #250, 46,81,270 and #251." Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 trI.NI ~ ................. 01 ~.......__. Page 1 of 10 4 Your EMF Environment Part 2 This chapter discusses typical magnetic field exposures in home and work environments and identifies common EMF sources and field intensities associated with these sources. · How do we define EMF exposure? · How is EMF exposure measured? · What are some typical EMF exposures? · What are typical EMF exposures for people living in the United States? · What levels of EMF are found in common environments? · What EMF field levels are encountered in the home? · What are EMF levels close to electrical appliances? · What EMF levels are found near power lines? · How strong is the EMF from electric power substations? · Do electrical workers have higher EMF exposure than other workers? · What are possible EMF exposures in the workplace? · What are some typical sources of EMF in the workplace? · What EMF exposure occurs during travel? · How can I find out how strong the EMF is where I live and work? · How much do computers contribute to my EMF exposure? · What can be done to limit EMF exposure? Q What EMF levels are found near power lines? A Power transmission lines bring power from a generating station to an electrical substation. Power distribution lines bring power from the substation to your home. Transmission and distribution lines can be either overhead or underground. Overhead lines produce both electric fields and magnetic fields. Underground lines do not produce electric fields above ground but may produce magnetic fields above ground. Power transmission lines http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapidlbooklet/youremf2.htm 1/12/2005 Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 2 of 10 Typical EMF levels for transmission lines are shown in the chart on page 37. At a distance of 300 feet and at times of average electricity demand, the magnetic fields from many lines can be similar to typical background levels found in most homes. The distance at which the magnetic field from the line becomes indistinguishable from typical background levels differs for different types of lines. Power Distribution Lines Typical voltage for power distribution lines in North America ranges from 4 to 24 kilovolts (kV). Electric field levels directly beneath overhead distribution lines may vary from a few volts per meter to 100 or 200 volts per meter. Magnetic fields directly beneath overhead distribution lines typically range from 10 to 20 mG for main feeders and less than 10 mG for laterals. Such levels are also typical directly above underground lines. Peak EMF levels, however, can vary considerably depending on the amount of current carried by the line. Peak magnetic field levels as high as 70 mG have been measured directly below overhead distribution lines and as high as 40 mG above underground lines. a How strong is the EMF from electric power substations? A In general, the strongest EMF around the outside of a substation comes from the power lines entering and leaving the substation. The strength of the EMF from equipment within the substations, such as transformers, reactors, and capacitor banks, decreases rapidly with increasing distance. Beyond the substation fence or wall, the EMF produced by the substation equipment is typically indistinguishable from background levels. a Do electrical workers have higher EMF exposure than other workers? A Most of the information we have about occupational EMF exposure comes from studies of electric utility workers. It is therefore difficult to compare electrical workers' EMF exposures with those of other workers because there is less information about EMF exposures in work environments other than electric utilities. Early studies did not include actual measurements of EMF exposure on the job but used job titles as an estimate of EMF exposure among electrical workers. Recent studies, however, have included extensive EMF exposure assessments. A report published in 1994 provides some information about estimated EMF exposures of workers in Los Angeles in a number of electrical jobs in electric utilities and other industries. Electrical workers had higher average EMF exposures (9.6 mG) than did workers in other jobs (1.7 mG). For this study, the category "electrical workers" included electrical engineering technicians, electrical engineers, electricians, power line workers, power station operators, telephone line workers, TV repairers, and welders. http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/bookletlyouremf2.htm 1/1212005 Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 3 of 10 Typical EMF levels for Power Transmission línes* IT ! OKtIiC'iitJdC\Wlrt t. MNn......MtnG) 2.t,) DDkV 11SkV ~~ ISm CSO~ JOm (lout) i tm 1.' I OS 6$ ¡ I 0Kt1iC fiit1d C\WIrt 2.G MNnMignlfic_1mGJ $15 ~~ ISm 150ft') I 1.5 195 sœkV oI~1r1)' In JOm ¥'SfI) (lOt iii) 0Kt1iC fiit1d C\WIrt u MNnMignlfic_1mGJ eu 1.0 ~A Mag'" FhiW.... . SOO«V.....issicln UnI M..,untd an tfMt RJaht.of-Vlt, £wry 5Minuús for·.'" 10 10 o 1_ fII Sat SUI! r.IocI Iue WId ThUf JOm (101 iii) 6111'1 nm (t'I)fI') øoofl) I 1 !ÞO IM!)J 1M OJ 61/1'1 91111 IMlIU øoofl) I I O.os OAf 1.1 0..& t OJ 1.1 1.0 1U '1m 91m IMIfI) øoofl) OJ 0-1 U SA fledfic fieldl 'r(om IOIftf linin are lmUve!y lliblli' bli'CaUlf UriC' wllð9C' d¡;¡nlt"l Chðn,¡1i' 1ft!')' mUl:h. M3'\)ntlic 1111'1<11 on m¢H lilltl flll(tllate grll'ð!ly II <Iltten! dungeli 1\ ~1lQI'Ilt 10 <hanging loadl. Magt\l!'t4ç fieldl ITI1IIt b,e dt!1<libed IUIJltlcaNyln Itrml of ~'t't3gt. ~_\. tiC. 1h(: m.\gnetk licf< ,d)j)'tt. ðre með,..1 collcublli'd 101 321 power ."t'I 'or I~ ~~IITIe',JA boðÒ$, Our!rl9 ~.k lOadl {abollt t ~ of lhe tI~}. rno!gt'lelic 11e!<l1 ,)II! about twiCe II ItfOI1og II thO' m~n lewll mvt. Tt'oc grlplt on tt'oc I'tft II ,)n e~amplC óf h<wI !bt m.\glltlic field vIllii'd ð.ltll\9 0fWI wtek IOf one SCo.W Ifbnll'!'thliOn lin.e, *ThMt alt ìypkal EMFl al1 m (J3 fI) aboVt orCKlfld for ~1tI dìttlll'lW fI'orn power !JAM in the hdlk !IOttI'IWm. Thcyu.forgtrtìnlll'lfOtnlMlOn. F« InlofmallonatJouU sptdflcliM,ContattUWlllilitylNI of!mtt!St~h Source: Bonneville II'øwtl AdmlnlJlUtIon. '*. ****Click Here to See Large Image**** Q What are possible EMF exposures in the workplace? A The figures below are examples of magnetic field exposures determined with exposure meters worn by four workers in different occupations. These measurements demonstrate how EMF exposures vary among individual workers. They do not necessarily represent typical EMF exposures for workers in these occupations. Magnetic Field Exposures of Workers (mG) http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/booklet/youremf2.htm 1/1212005 Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 4 of 10 7;l1li...._... 11:011_ 10ØQ pI1t J.~.... The sewing machine operator worked all day, took a 1-hour lunch break at 11 :15 am, and took 1 O-minute breaks at 8:55 am and 2:55 pm. UUn: 0.9 I I ~l . ~ . ~~Il~ .L.,-l-1~~""'~~ ~_ .._ W_ 10110_ 11__12:(1)- ,tAp", The electrician repaired a large air-conditioning motor at 9: 10 am and at 11 :45 am. Gl!OCMttk .1DeiIII: 0.7· to ) ..' i Ii ; I o . ..........:¡:I-_, -~ -".~ -.. .~. ~ _.~"" :1 ,,~- 1\- ~_ !I1ìIO.IÌìII :øím 1t.ID_ It:IIi.il..U!'Ih.,~... The mechanic repaired a compressor at 9:45 am and 11 :10 am. M@an; 9.1 (ltQmelrlc; mt.n: Ul' ,~ The government worker was at the copy machine at 8:00 am, at the computer from 11 :00 am to 1 :00 pm and also from 2:30 pm to 4:30 pm. *The geometric mean is calculated by squaring the values, adding the squares, and then taking the square root of the sum. Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and U.S. Department of Energy. ****Click Here to See Large Image**** The tables below can give you a general idea about magnetic field levels for different jobs and around various kinds of electrical equipment. It is important to remember that EMF levels depend on the actual equipment used in the workplace. Different brands or models of the same type of equipment can have different magnetic field strengths. It is also important to keep in mind that the strength of a magnetic field decreases quickly with distance. I EMF Measurements During a Workday I I I ELF magnetic fields measured in mG Ilndustry and occupation I Median for Range for 90% occupation* of workers" IELECTRICAL WORKERS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES I Electrical engineers DO 0.5-12.0 Construction electricians 3.1 1.6-12.1 TV repairers 4.3 0.6-8.6 Welders 9.5 1.4-66.1 IELECTRIC UTILITIES I http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapidlbooklet/youremf2.htm 1/1212005 Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 5 of 10 Clerical workers without computers 0.5 0.2-2.0 Clerical workers with computers 1.2 0.5-4.5 Line workers 2.5 0.5-34.8 Electricians 5.4 0.8-34.0 Distribution substation operators 7.2 1 .1-36.2 Workers off the job (home, travel, etc.) 0.9 0.3-3.7 TELECOMMUNICA TIONS I Install, maintenance, & repair technicians rn 0.7-3.2 Central office technicians 2.1 0.5-8.2 Cable splicers 3.2 0.7-15.0 IAUTO TRANSMISSION MANUFACTURE I Assemblers II 0.7 II 0.2-4.9 I Machinists 1.9 0.6-27.6 HOSPITALS I Nurses II 1.1 II 0.5-2.1 I X-ray technicians 1.5 1.0-2.2 ISELECTED OCCUPATIONS FROM ALL ECONOMIC SECTORS I Construction machine operators 0.5 0.1-1.2 Motor vehicle drivers 1.1 0.4-2.7 School teachers 1.3 0.6-3.2 Auto mechanics 2.3 0.6-8.7 Retail sales 2.3 1.0-5.5 Sheet metal workers 3.9 0.3-48.4 Sewing machine operators 6.8 0.9-32.0 Forestry and logging jobs 7.6 0.6-95.5*** If you have questions or want more information about your EMF exposure at work, your plant safety officer, industrial hygienist, or other local safety official can be a good source of information. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is asked occasionally to conduct health hazard evaluations in workplaces where EMF is a suspected cause for concern. For further technical assistance contact NIOSH at 800-356-4674. Q What are some typical sources of EMF in the workplace? A Exposure assessment studies so far have shown that most people's EMF exposure at work comes from electrical appliances and tools and from the building's power supply. People who work near transformers, electrical closets, circuit boxes, or other high-current electrical equipment may have 60-Hz magnetic field exposures of hundreds of milligauss or more. In offices, magnetic field levels are often similar to those found at home, typically 0.5 to 4.0 mG. However, these levels can increase dramatically near certain types of equipment. Industry and sources ELF magnetic fields EMF Spot Measurements Other frequencies I Comments http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapidlbooklet/youremf2.htm 1/12/2005 Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 I II (mG) II ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT USED IN MACHINE MANUFACTURING Electric resistance heater 6,000-14,000 I VLF Induction heater 10-460 High VLF Hand-held grinder 3,000 - Grinder 110 - Lathe, drill press, etc. 1-4 - ALUMINUM REFINING Aluminum pot rooms 3.4-30 Very high static field Rectification room 300-3,300 High static field STEEL FOUNDRY Ladle refinery Furnace active Furnace inactive 170-1 ,300 High ULF from the ladle's big magnetic stirrer 0.6-3.7 High ULF from the ladle's big magnetic stirrer 2-1,100 High VLF 7.2-24.0 I VLF I 160-3,300 - 10-300 - 2-5 - 0.1-220 VLF 0.1-24 VLF 0.5-280 Very high static field, VLF and RF Electrogalvanizing unit TELEVISION BROADCASTING Video cameras (studio and minicams) Video tape degaussers Light control centers Studio and newsrooms HOSPITALS Intensive care unit Post-anesthesia care unit Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) TRANSPORT A TION Cars, minivans, and trucks 0.1-125 Most frequencies less than 60 Hz Bus (diesel powered) Electric cars Chargers for electric cars Electric buses Electric train passenger cars Airliner IGOVERNMENT OFFICES Desk work locations 0.1-7 - Desks near power center 18-50 - Power cables in floor 15-170 - Building power supplies 25-1,800 - Can opener 3,000 - Desktop cooling fan 1,000 - Other office appliances 10-200 - Source: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2001. ULF (ultra low frequency)-frequencies above 0, below 3 Hz. ELF (extremely low frequency)-frequencies 3-3,000 Hz. VLF (very low frequency)-frequencies 3,000-30,000 Hz (3-30 kilohertz). 0.5-146 0.1-81 4-63 0.1-88 0.1-330 0.8-24.2 Most frequencies less than 60 Hz Some elevated static fields - - 25 & 60 Hz power on U.S. trains 400 Hz power on airliners http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapidlbooklet/youremf2.htm Page 6 of 10 II Tool exposures measured at operator's c Tool exposures measured at operator's c Tool exposures measured at operator's c Highly-rectified DC current (with an ELF r refines aluminum. Highest ELF field was at the chair of control room operator. Highest ELF field was at the chair of control room operator. Measured 1 ft away. Walk-through survey. Walk-through survey. Measured at nurse's chest. Measured at technician's work locatior Steel-belted tires are the principal ELF S( for gas/diesel vehicles. Measured 2 ft from charger. Measured at waist. Fields at ankles 2-5 time Measured at waist. Fields at ankles 2-5 time Measured at waist. Peaks due to laser printers. Appliance fields measured 6 in. awaj Appliance fields measured 6 in. awaj 1/12/2005 Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 7 of 10 Q What EMF exposure occurs during travel? A Inside a car or bus, the main sources of magnetic field exposure are those you pass by (or under) as you drive, such as power lines. Car batteries involve direct current (DC) rather than alternating current (AC). Alternators can create EMF, but at frequencies other than 60 Hz. The rotation of steel-belted tires is also a source of EMF. Most trains in the United States are diesel powered. Some electrically powered trains operate on AC, such as the passenger trains between Washington, D.C. and New Haven, Connecticut. Measurements taken on these trains using personal exposure monitors have suggested that average 60-Hz magnetic field exposures for passengers and conductors may exceed 50 mG. A U.S. government-sponsored exposure assessment study of electric rail systems found average 60-Hz magnetic field levels in train operator compartments that ranged from 0.4 mG (Boston high speed trolley) to 31.1 mG (North Jersey transit). The graph below shows average and maximum magnetic field measurements in operator compartments of several electric rail systems. It illustrates that 60 Hz is one of several electromagnetic frequencies to which train operators are exposed. Workers who maintain the tracks on electric rail lines, primarily in the northeastern United States, also have elevated magnetic field exposures at both 25 Hz and 60 Hz. Measurements taken by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health show that typical average daily exposures range from 3 to 18 mG, depending on how often trains pass the work site. Rapid transit and light rail systems in the United States, such as the Washington D.C. Metro and the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit, run on DC electricity. These DC-powered trains contain equipment that produces AC fields. For example, areas of strong AC magnetic fields have been measured on the Washington Metro close to the floor, during braking and acceleration, presumably near equipment located underneath the subway cars. http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/bookletlyouremf2.htm 1/12/2005 Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 8 of 10 MaqncLc FIC1c1 r.'CitSL'C:l'lcng n Train 0pCfJ:OIS' Compartment:; ~I>;-_"'''~{oi(.~ ~;\lS ~,..YIt"'T.~~ !99¡ ****Click Here to See Large Image**** These graphs illustrate that 60 Hz is one of several electromagnetic frequencies to which train operators are exposed. The maximum exposure is the top of the blue (upper) portion of the bar; the average exposure is the top of the red (lower) portion. Q How can I find out how strong the EMF is where I live and work? A The tables throughout this chapter can give you a general idea about magnetic field levels at home, for different jobs, and around various kinds of electrical equipment. For specific information about EMF from a particular power line, contact the utility that operates the line. Some will perform home EMF measurements. You can take your own EMF measurements with a magnetic field meter. For a spot measurement to provide a useful estimate of your EMF exposure, it should be taken at a time of day and location when and where you are typically near the equipment. Keep in mind that the strength of a magnetic field drops off quickly with distance. Independent technicians will conduct EMF measurements for a fee. Search the Internet under "EMF meters" or "EMF measurement." You should investigate the experience and qualifications of commercial firms, since governments do not standardize EMF measurements or certify measurement contractors. At work, your plant safety officer, industrial hygienist, or other local safety official can be a good source of information. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) sometimes conducts health hazard evaluations in workplaces where EMF is a suspected cause for concern. For further technical assistance, contact NIOSH at 800-356-4674. Q How much do computers contribute to my EMF exposure? ~ tz\ ~~ .., http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/booklet/youremf2.htm 1/12/2005 Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 9 of 10 A Personal computers themselves produce very little EMF. However, the video display terminal (VOT) or monitor provides some magnetic field exposure unless it is of the new flat-panel design. Conventional VOTs containing cathode ray tubes use magnetic fields to produce the image on the screen, and some emission of those magnetic fields is unavoidable. Unlike most other appliances which produce predominantly GO-Hz magnetic fields, VOTs emit magnetic fields in both the extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) frequency ranges. Many newer VOTs have been designed to minimize magnetic field emissions, and those identified as "TCO'99 compliant" meet a standard for low emissions. Q What can be done to limit EMF exposure? A Personal exposure to EMF depends on three things: the strength of the magnetic field sources in your environment, your distance from those sources, and the time you spend in the field. If you are concerned about EMF exposure, your first step should be to find out where the major EMF sources are and move away from them or limit the time you spend near them. Magnetic fields from appliances decrease dramatically about an arm's length away from the source. In many cases, rearranging a bed, a chair, or a work area to increase your distance from an electrical panel or some other EMF source can reduce your EMF exposure. Another way to reduce EMF exposure is to use equipment designed to have relatively low EMF emissions. Sometimes electrical wiring in a house or a building can be the source of strong magnetic field exposure. Incorrect wiring is a common source of higher-than-usual magnetic fields. Wiring problems are also worth correcting for safety reasons. In its 1999 report to Congress, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences suggested that the power industry continue its current practice of siting power lines to reduce EMF exposures. There are more costly actions, such as burying power lines, moving out of a home, or restricting the use of office space that may reduce exposures. Because scientists are still debating whether EMF is a hazard to health, it is not clear that the costs of such measures are warranted. Some EMF reduction measures may create other problems. For instance, compacting power lines reduces EMF but increases the danger of accidental electrocution for line workers. We are not sure which aspects of the magnetic field exposure, if any, to reduce. Future research may reveal that EMF reduction measures based on today's limited understanding are inadequate or irrelevant. No action should be taken to reduce EMF exposure if it increases the risk of a known safety hazard. On to EMF Exposure Standards http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/booklet/youremf2.htm 1/12/2005 Your EMF Environment (Part 2) - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 EMF Questions & Answers Home I Introduction I EMF Basics I Evaluating Potential Health Effects I Results of EMF Research I Your EMF Environment I EMF Exposure Standards I National and International EMF Reviews I References ~~.~.~, ~ ........w. - EMFRAPID Home I NIEHS Home For More Information About EMF: Web Center Last Modified: 04 Oct 2002 http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/booklet/youremf2.htm Page 10 of 10 1/12/2005 EMF Exposure Standards - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 NIIHI 1) '''* ~~. cat ItwÜiItnmtn......... sø-. Page 1 of 4 5 EMF Exposure Standards This chapter describes standards and guidelines established by state, national, and international safety organizations for some EMF sources and exposures. · Are there exposure standards for 60-Hz EMF? · Does EMF affect people with pacemakers or other medical devices? · What about products advertised as producing low or reduced magnetic fields? · Are cellular telephones and towers sources of EMF exposure? Q Are there exposure standards for 50-Hz EMF? A In the United States, there are no federal standards limiting occupational or residential exposure to 60-Hz EMF. At least six states have set standards for transmission line electric fields; two of these also have standards for magnetic fields (see table below). In most cases, the maximum fields permitted by each state are the maximum fields that existing lines produce at maximum load-carrying conditions. Some states further limit electric field strength at road crossings to ensure that electric current induced into large metal objects such as trucks and buses does not represent an electric shock hazard. I State Transmission Line Standards and Guidelines I I II Electric Field II Magnetic Field I IState II On R.O.W.* II Edge R.O.W. liOn R.O.W. II Edge R.O.W. I L:J 8 kV /ma c:JD 150 mGa (max. load) 10 kV/mb 200 mGb (max. load) 250 mGc (max. load) IMinnesota II 8 kV/m II - II - II - I IMontana II 7 kV/m II 1 kV /me II - II - I INew Jersey II - II 3 kV/m II - II - I I II II II II I http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapidlbookletlstandard.htm 1/12/2005 EMF Exposure Standards - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 2 of 4 t:J 11 .8 kV 1m I 1.6 kV/m ILJ 200 mG (max. load) 11.0 kV/m' 7.0 kV/md Oregon II 9 kV/m II - II . II - I *R.O.W. = right-of-way (or in the Florida standard, certain additional areas adjoining the right- of-way). kV/m = kilovolt per meter. One kilovolt = 1,000 volts. a For lines of 69-230 kV. b For 500 kV lines. c For 500 kV lines on certain existing R.O.W. d Maximum for highway crossings. e May be waived by the landowner. , Maximum for private road crossings. Two organizations have developed voluntary occupational exposure guidelines for EMF exposure. These guidelines are intended to prevent effects, such as induced currents in cells or nerve stimulation, which are known to occur at high magnitudes, much higher (more than 1,000 times higher) than EMF levels found typically in occupational and residential environments. These guidelines are summarized in the tables on the right. I ICNIRP Guidelines for EMF Exposure I IExposure (60 Hz) II Electric field II Magnetic field I Occupational I 8.3 kV/m II 4.2 G (4,200 mG) I General Public 4.2 kV 1m 0.833 G (833 mG) International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) is an organization of 15,000 scientists from 40 nations who specialize in radiation protection. Source: ICNIRP, 1998. I ACGIH Occupational Threshold Limit Values for 50-Hz EMF I I IIElectric fieldll Magnetic field I Occupational exposure should not exceed 25 kV 1m 10 G (10,000 mG) Prudence dictates the use of protective 15 kV/m - clothing above Exposure of workers with cardiac 1 kV/m 1 G (1,000 mG) pacemakers should not exceed American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) is a professional organization that facilitates the exchange of technical information about worker health protection. It is not a government regulatory agency. Source: ACGIH, 2001. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) concluded that available data regardingpotentiallong-term effects, such as increased risk of cancer, are insufficient to provide a basis for setting exposure restrictions. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) publishes "Threshold Limit Values" (TL Vs) for various physical agents. The TL Vs http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/booklet/standard.htm 1/12/2005 EMF Exposure Standards - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 3 of 4 for 60-Hz EMF shown in the table are identified as guides to control exposure; they are not intended to demarcate safe and dangerous levels. Q Does EMF affect people with pacemakers or other medical devices? A According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), interference from EMF can affect various medical devices including cardiac pacemakers and implantable defibrillators. Most current research in this area focuses on higher frequency sources such as cellular phones, citizens band radios, wireless computer links, microwave signals, radio and television transmitters, and paging transmitters. Sources such as welding equipment, power lines at electric generating plants, and rail transportation equipment can produce lower frequency EMF strong enough to interfere with some models of pacemakers and defibrillators. The occupational exposure guidelines developed by ACGIH state that workers with cardiac pacemakers should not be exposed to a 60-Hz magnetic field greater than 1 gauss (1,000 mG) or a 60-Hz electric field greater than 1 kilovolt per meter (1,000 VIm) (see ACGIH guidelines above). Workers who are concerned about EMF exposure effects on pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, or other implanted electronic medical devices should consult their doctors or industrial hygienists. Nonelectronic metallic medical implants (such as artificial joints, pins, nails, screws, and plates) can be affected by high magnetic fields such as those from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices and aluminum refining equipment, but are generally unaffected by the lower fields from most other sources. The FDA MedWatch program is collecting information about medical device problems thought to be associated with exposure to or interference from EMF. Anyone experiencing a problem that might be due to such interference is encouraged to call and report it (800-332-1088). Q What about products advertised as producing low or reduced magnetic fields? A Virtually all electrical appliances and devices emit electric and magnetic fields. The strengths of the fields vary appreciably both between types of devices and among manufacturers and models of the same type of device. Some appliance manufacturers are designing new models that, in general, have lower EMF than older models. As a result, the words "low field" or "reduced field" may be relative to older models and not necessarily relative to other manufacturers or devices. At this time, there are no domestic or international standards or guidelines limiting the EMF emissions of appliances. The U.S. government has set no standards for magnetic fields from computer monitors or video display terminals (VDTs). The Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees (TCD) established in 1992 a standard recommending strict limits on the EMF emissions of computer monitors. The VDTs should http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapid/booklet/standard.htm 1/12/2005 EMF Exposure Standards - EMF Questions & Answers Booklet - June 2002 Page 4 of 4 produce magnetic fields of no more than 2 mG at a distance of 30 cm (about 1 ft) from the front surface of the monitor and 50 cm (about 1 ft 8 in) from the sides and back of the monitor. The TCO'92 standard has become a de facto standard in the VDT industry worldwide. A 1999 standard, promulgated by the Swedish TCO (known as the TCO'99 standard), provides for international and environmental labeling of personal computers. Many computer monitors marketed in the U.S. are certified as compliant with TCO'99 and are thereby assured to produce low magnetic fields. Beware of advertisements claiming that the federal government has certified that the advertised equipment produces little or no EMF. The federal government has no such general certification program for the emissions of low-frequency EMF. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) does certify medical equipment and equipment producing high levels of ionizing radiation or microwave radiation. Information about certain devices as well as general information about EMF is available from the CDRH at 888-463-6332. Q Are cellular telephones and towers sources of EMF exposure? A Cellular telephones and towers involve radio-frequency and microwave- frequency electromagnetic fields. These are in a much higher frequency range than are the power-frequency electric and magnetic fields associated with the transmission and use of electricity. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licenses communications systems that use radio-frequency and microwave electromagnetic fields and ensures that licensed facilities comply with exposure standards. Public information on this topic is published on two FCC Internet sites: http://www.fcc.gov/oetJinfo/documents/bulletins/#56 and http://www.fcc.gov/oetJrfsafety/ The U.S. Food and Drug Administration also provides information about cellular telephones on its web site (http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ocd/mobilphone.html). On to National and International EMF Reviews EMF Questions & Answers Home I Introduction I EMF Basics I Evaluating Potential Health Effects I Results of EMF Research I Your EMF Environment I EMF Exposure Standards I National and International EMF Reviews I References . EMFRAPID Home I NIEHS Home For More Information About EMF: Web Center Last Modified: 07 Oct 2002 http://www.niehs.nih.gov/emfrapidlbooklet/standard.htm 1/12/2005 EMF F AQs - Minnesota Dept. of Health 'ß ~11';\:' AHnne80'iDeparl~ntofHealih Pl'ottJetm,. íJ'UI4iÌiJÎ~Înl Ølnft JmpmtrJtJg the IUÛJ af aJtilfinl'l,søtafM " ( Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) Page 1 of 5 Many people have questions and concerns about electric and magnetic fields (EMF) from power lines. The information below was prepared by the Minnesota Department of Health to answer some common questions. Frequently Asked Questions · What is EMF? .HºwmaylÞ~~)(Po~~dtoçMF? · AreJh~r~h~altbIi~k~Jrºm..çMF? · Are there exposure standards for magnetic n~lds? · Hºwcanl.m~a~lJr~.magn~ticJi~ld~.....in. ..myhºm~? .WhªtªI~Jypicªlr~?içl~ntiª Inmªgn~tic..Ji~ld~)(pº?lJr~?? · What can be done to limit magnetic fiel,d~ºsure~, · What cºncllJ~ion?cª 11 .Þ~Jl1ªçI~ªt>ºlJtçMF? · Whªtªt>ºlJtn~wçMf..r~~~ªrchjnitjªtiv~?ªI1ç1prºgrªm?? · Where can I find more information? What is EM F? EMF refers to electric and magnetic fields which are invisible lines of force that surround any electrical device, such as a power line, electrical wiring, or an operating appliance. Electric fields are produced by voltage and these fields are easily shielded by objects (e.g., trees, buildings, and skin). In contrast, magnetic fields are produced by current and these fields pass through most materials. Both electric and magnetic fields weaken with increasing distance from the source. Even though electric and magnetic fields are present around operating appliances and power lines, more recent interest has focused on the potential health effects of magnetic fields. This is because some epidemiological studies have suggested that there may be an association between increased cancer risks and magnetic fields. The term "EMF" in this summary refers to 60 hertz fields associated with alternating-current electrical power. These fields are distinct from other types of fields associated with the electromagnetic spectrum, such as AM/FM radio, television, cell phones, sun light (See electromagnetic spectrum, right). For questions about fields associated with cell phones and cell phone base stations, see Cellular Phon~ Facts. Go to > top. How may I be exposed to EMF? People may be exposed to EMF at work, at home, and any place where electrical power is generated, distributed, or used. Magnetic field levels vary depending on the amount of current in a power line. Fields are typically highest during warm summer months, when electric consumption http://www.health.state.mn.us/di vs/eh/radiati on/ emf/index.html 1/12/2005 EMF FAQs - Minnesota Dept. of Health Page 2 of 5 is the highest (i.e., due to the use of air conditioners and other appliances that consume high amounts of electricity) . For estimates of typical EMF levels from transmission lines, see FigUIel. Note that the magnetic field level drops quickly from the power line. In fact, levels at distances of 200-300 feet are often comparable or lower than levels from internal sources (e.g., appliances, wiring) in many homes. To compare levels from appliances and transmission sources, see figure? Go to > !:QQ. Are there health risks from EMF? Some epidemiological studies have reported a statistical association between surrogate indicators of residential magnetic field exposure (e.g., wire coding) and two to three fold increases in leukemia risk. More recent studies have used direct measurements to estimate magnetic field exposures. These studies show mixed results - i.e., some have reported no association and others have reported a weak association. The inconsistencies in the epidemiological research have raised questions and concerns about whether there is a true "cause and effect" relationship between magnetic fields and leukemia (or any other adverse health effects). Scientists generally have agreed that the epidemiological studies, by themselves, cannot establish a cause and effect relationship, and that additional evidence (e.g., laboratory studies) is needed to determine if there is a true relationship between magnetic fields and adverse effects. In recent years there have been several laboratory studies in animals conducted under controlled experimental conditions. These studies have failed to provide any support for a relationship between magnetic fields and adverse human health effects (even at high exposure levels). In addition, studies of isolated cells (in vitro) have failed to establish a biological mechanism of action for how magnetic fields may cause cancer. These factors have raised considerable doubt in the scientific community about what relationship, if any, exists between magnetic field exposure and childhood leukemia or any other adverse health effect. Many researchers have determined that important elements to confirm causality are currently lacking for EMF and human disease, including strength of association, consistency and specificity of observations, appropriate temporal relationship, dose response relationship, biological plausibility, and experimental verification. Researchers also have widely acknowledged the limitations of EMF epidemiological studies, including the use of surrogate indicators (e.g., wiring code configurations) to estimate (rather than measure) magnetic field levels; the small number of cases or subjects - particularly in high exposure categories; and the potential for bias due to factors related to selection, misclassification, recall, and confounding. In 2002, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), an agency of the World Health Organization, completed an evaluation of EMF and carcinogenic risks to humans. IARC concluded that EMF should be classified as a Group 28 carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic to humans). The cancer for this classification is childhood leukemia. There are over 200 agents in Group 28, most of which are not currently regulated, including coffee and pickled vegetables. While some researchers have different views on EMF, scientists agree that EMF associated with power frequencies is extremely low (60 hertz) relative to other types of fields commonly found in our environment (i.e., AM/FM radio, television, cellular phone frequencies). They also know that low frequency EMF is not capable of causing heating or direct DNA damage (e.g., mutations) caused by higher frequency fields (e.g., ultraviolet light from the sun, cosmic rays). http://www.health.state.mn.us/di vs/eh/radiation/emf/index.html 1/1212005 EMF F AQs - Minnesota Dept. of Health Page 3 of 5 Researchers continue to investigate possible mechanisms for how EMF may cause effects; however, there is limited evidence to indicate that magnetic fields cause cancer or any other adverse health effects in animals (even at high exposure levels). Go to > tQQ. Are there exposure standards for magnetic fields? Currently there are no federal or state health-based exposure standards for magnetic fields. This is due to the fact that there is inadequate scientific evidence to develop a health-based standard. References to safe/unsafe magnetic field levels in studies are not health-based standards; they are arbitrary exposure cut off points used by researchers, and they provide no scientific basis to evaluate or estimate potential health risks. While there is currently no "safe" level determined for EMF, people may obtain measurements in their home and use information about typical magnetic field exposures to determine if their exposures are likely to be higher than, comparable to, or lower than the levels in other residential settings. Go to > tQQ. How can I measure for magnetic fields in my home? Milligauss (mG) is the common unit of measurement for magnetic fields. These fields are measured using an instrument called a gauss meter. (Microtesla, another unit of measurement for magnetic fields, is often used in international settings and research papers. One microtesla (uT) is one-millionth of a tesla and is equal to 10 mg] Since magnetic field levels vary depending on the current and configuration of the line, personal exposures to fields also vary at different times of the day and at different locations. Direct measurements using a gauss meter provide the most accurate and reliable estimates. Most Minnesota electrical utilities provide assistance in measuring magnetic fields, either by performing surveys as requested, or by loaning meters to customers for taking their own measurements. If your area is serviced by Xcel Energy, contact the EMF answer line at 612-330-6548. For other areas, contact your local utility company to request a magnetic field measurement. Individuals also may take their own measurements by purchasing a gauss meter or by hiring an electrical consultant (companies which sell gauss meters may be identified by searching the Internet or by contacting an electrical consultant). Go to > top. What are typical residential magnetic field exposures? «« ( ({((( Magnetic field exposure levels vary depending on many different factors, including the amount of current and the proximity to an EMF source. Levels near appliances or a wall, for example, will typically be higher than an average mid-room reading. In a study conducted by the Electrical Power Research Institute, spot http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/radiationlemffi ndex.html 1/1212005 EMF F AQs - Minnesota Dept. of Health Page 4 of 5 measurements in 992 homes throughout the US showed that half (50%) of the homes studied had magnetic field measurements of 0.6 milligauss or less, when the average of measurements from all the rooms in the homes were calculated. Only 15% of the homes had mean magnetic fields greater than 2.1 milligauss. These measurements were made away from electrical appliances, and they primarily reflect the fields from internal household wiring, electrical grounding sources, and power lines. Exposures in occupational settings (e.g., near a computer or a machine/tool) are typically much higher than residential settings. In 1998 a nationwide random survey of 1000 individuals was conducted to measure 24 hour time weighted average exposures to magnetic fields. The mean for this survey was 0.9 milligauss. Approximately 15% of the population was estimated to have exposures exceeding 2 milligauss; 2.4% had exposures exceeding 5 milligauss, and 0.4% had exposures exceeding 10 milligauss. The last value indicates that about 1 million people in the US have an average 24 hour exposure greater than 10 milligauss. Peak exposures at a single point in time are often considerably higher due to peoples' exposures to appliances, wiring, and other sources. About 0.5% of the population had an estimated maximum (peak) exposure to magnetic fields of 1000 milligauss. Go to > tQQ. What can be done to limit magnetic field exposures? There are a number of ways to reduce exposures to EMF. Some are as easy as standing back from an appliance when it is in use. Remember that magnetic fields from appliances drop off dramatically in strength with increasing distance from the source. Other EMF reduction steps, such as correcting a household wiring problem, are worth doing anyway for safety reasons. But what about more costly actions, such as burying power lines or moving out of a home? Because scientists are still debating whether EMF is a hazard, it is not clear how much should be done at this time to reduce exposures. Some EMF reduction measures may create other problems. For instance, compacting power lines to reduce EMF can increase the danger of accidental electrocution for line workers. If you would like to limit your exposure to EMF, you may take simple steps, such as: · Increase the distance between yourself and the EMF source - sit at arm's length from your computer terminal. · Avoid unnecessary proximity to high EMF sources -- such as appliances and electric blankets. · Reduce time spent in the field - turn off your computer monitor and other electrical appliances when you aren't using them. Go to > tQQ. What conclusions can be made about EMF? The Minnesota Department of Health has concluded that the current body of evidence is insufficient to establish a cause and effect relationship between EMF and health. While some epidemiological studies have reported a weak association between leukemia with increasing exposure to magnetic fields, other studies have reported no association. Epidemiological studies alone are considered insufficient for concluding that a cause and effect relationship exists, and must be supplemented by data from laboratory studies. Existing laboratory studies have not substantiated this relationship (even at high exposure levels). http://www.health.state.mn.us/di vs/ehlradiation/emflindex.html 1/1212005 EMF F AQs - Minnesota Dept. of Health Page 5 of 5 However, In 2002, three epidemiologists at the California Department of Health Services individually concluded that EMF is either a Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans), Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) or Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) for childhood leukemia. As with many other environmental health issues, the possibility of a health risk from EMF cannot be entirely dismissed. The MDH considers it prudent public health policy to continue to monitor the EMF research and to support prudent avoidance measures, including providing information to the public regarding EMF sources and exposures. MDH and other state agencies are also working together to provide guidance for a consistent science-based EMF policy, including the identification of low cost no cost measures to mitigate EMF exposures. Go to > top. What about new EMF research initiatives and programs? EMF research is continuing in the US and abroad, as new methods for studies are developed to improve exposure assessment; to control for confounding and other types of bias; and to investigate possible biological mechanisms. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences supports some limited EMF research; however, their 5-year EMF RAPID Program has concluded, and there do not appear to be any plans to expand EMF (60 hertz) federal research at this time. Federal research in related areas appears to be directed toward higher frequency fields associated with radio frequencies and cellular phones. The World Health Organization (WHO) IntemaliQDalEMFF'rQject is completing an assessment of EMF health risks. This project works in collaboration with international agencies and organizations to pool resources and knowledge about EMF; to identify gaps in knowledge; recommend focused research programs; conduct updated critical reviews of the scientific literature; and develop materials for risk communication. Note that WHO defines EMF broadly to include static, extremely low, intermediate, and radiofrequency fields (up to 300 gigahertz). Go to > top. Where can I find more information? For more information about EMF research and health risks, contact, Minnesota Department of Health, Radiation Control Unit, at 651-643-2151. Go to > toJ¿. For questions about this page, please contact our Environmental Health Division: ehvveÞ@health.staJe.mn.ps Updated Monday, 27-Dec-04 13:08:26 http://www.health.state.mn.us/di vs/eh/radiati on/emf/index.html 1/12/2005 EMF Basic Electric Power System - Minnesota Dept. of Health Page 1 of 1 'i<fu" ~" ~["'"Â' Y¡;:~¡¡q , Jtlin1JflSdi¡tvepart1Jjfl1Jt oj'llealtb l'f()ti:I,;Un, Wlln/,¡jinifll ~ lmþMt/Îll the atb oj aU Mînnf/sOl,ul.r II Basi c Electric Power Sy~teln I For questions about this page, please contact our Environmental Health Division: ehweb@health.state.mn.us Updated Monday, 27-Dec-04 13:08:26 http://www.health.state.mn.us/di vs/eh/radiati on/emf/ diagram.html 1/12/2005 CITY OF CHANHASSEN CARVER AND HENNEPIN COUNTIES, MINNESOTA ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE AMENDING CHAPTERS 1 AND 20 CHANHASSEN CITY CODE ELECTRIC SUBSTATIONS THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CHANHASSEN, MINNESOTA ORDAINS: SECTION 1. Chapter 1, Section 1-2 of the City Code, City of Chanhassen, Minnesota, is hereby amended by adding definitions, which shall read as follows:: Electric Distribution Substation: are located above ground near to the end-users. Distribution substation transformers change the transmission or subtransmission voltage to lower levels for use by end-users. Underground Electric Distribution Substation: are located underground near to the end- users. Distribution substation transformers change the subtransmission voltage to lower levels for use by end-users. SECTION 2. Section 20-257 of the City Code, City of Chanhassen, Minnesota, is hereby amended to read as follows:. Electrical Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations Electrical Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations are subject to the following conditions: (1) The Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations must be served by a collector or major arterial street as designated in the comprehensive plan. (2) The Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations will not have sanitary facilities and will not be used for habitation. (3) The Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations will be located on at least five (5) acres of property. (4) A six foot high security fence as specified in the Nation Electric Safety Code shall surround the Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations. (5) A landscaping plan shall be submitted for city approval. (6) Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations shall be a minimum of five hundred (500) feet from single-family residences. (7) A summary of current research regarding the health effects of EMF levels, conducted by health and scientific professionals, including those who do and do not receive utility sponsorship; (8) Provide EMF levels under maximum and average anticipated loading at the base of the utility poles, underneath the wires between the poles, at ground level above underground wires, at the edge of the property line, at the edge of the closest habitable building, and at the point above ground where there would be the greatest EMF level; (9) Reasonable and prudent measures to minimize EMF levels along all alternative Electric Line routes; (10) Depictions of the views of the proposed facility, if above ground, from at least two directions selected by city staff. (11) The site is guided OmcelIndustrial on the City of Chanhassen Land Use Plan. SECTION 3. Chapter 20, Article IV, Division 4 of the City Code, City of Chanhassen, Minnesota, is hereby amended by adding a section to be numbered 20-313, which shall read as follows: Electrical Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations Electrical Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations are subject to the following conditions: (1) The Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations must be served by a collector or major arterial street as designated in the comprehensive plan. (2) The Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations will not have sanitary facilities and will not be used for habitation. (3) The Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations will be located on at least five (5) acres of property. (4) A six foot high security fence as specified in the Nation Electric Safety Code shall surround the Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations. (5) A landscaping plan shall be submitted for city approval. (6) Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations shall be a minimum of five hundred (500) feet from single-family residences. (7) A summary of current research regarding the health effects of EMF levels, conducted by health and scientific professionals, including those who do and do not receive utility sponsorship; (8) Provide EMF levels under maximum and average anticipated loading at the base of the utility poles, underneath the wires between the poles, at ground level above underground wires, at the edge of the property line, at the edge of the closest habitable building, and at the point above ground where there would be the greatest EMF level; (9) Reasonable and prudent measures to minimize EMF levels along all alternative routes; (10) Depictions of the views of the proposed facility, if above ground, from at least two directions selected by city staff. (11) The site is guided OmcelIndustrial on the City of Chanhassen Land Use Plan. SECTION 3: Section 20-574 (9) of the City Code, City of Chanhassen, Minnesota, is hereby amended to read as follows: 2 Electrical Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations SECTION 4: Section 20-814, City Code, City of Chanhassen, Minnesota is hereby amended by adding a subsection to be numbered (15), which shall read as follows: Electrical Distribution and Underground Electric Distribution Substations SECTION 5. This ordinance shall be effective immediately upon its passage and publication. PASSED AND ADOPTED this _ day of of the City of Chanhassen, Minnesota ,2005, by the City Council Todd Gerhardt, City Manager Thomas A. Furlong, Mayor (Published in the Chanhassen Villager on ) g:\plan\code amendments\electric substations - chapter 20-814\ordinance language.doc 3 NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING CITY OF CHANHASSEN NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Chanhassen Planning Commission will hold a public hearing on Tuesday, February 15, 2005, at 7:00 p.m. in the Council Chambers in Chanhassen City Hall, 7700 Market Boulevard. The purpose of this hearing is to review changes to the following sections of the Chanhassen City Code regarding electric substations: Section 20-574 (9) Conditional Uses in the A-2 District, Section 20-814 Conditional Uses in the IOP District, Section 20-257 Electrical Substations and Chapter 1 Defining and Regulating Substations. The proposed changes are available for public review at City Hall during regular business hours. All interested persons are invited to attend this public hearing and express their opinions with respect to this proposal. Sharmeen AI-Jaff, Senior Planner Phone: 952-227-1134 Email: saljaff@ci.chanhassen.mn.us (Publish in the Chanhassen Villager on February 3, 2005) G:\PLAN\Code Amendments\Electric Substations - Chapter 20-814\PH Notice to Villager 2-3-05 Chapter 20-814,doc