Loading...
Moore family Reserch 2013 ,n..f.f °:s :+r": '.Af,Y'' /.!,"`.. ;`1:1 3.T,' *5' :1? tT ,' C""'!".` r 4 d'• ;:��•: S W�' .1.;t a ' c ,.: {{ t . $ 'E ` .us ,t c. i : i? ;) r, j � +�S ' 1,, ? Y:i ' i + :s �} ' } z t ` a r ! ` • ii" / • yy S K u ' y ! ` y ' ^ � a ,� a ' „ � ^ , i ^, . " � .t , , � �i': '., :; r r ���p, '. P L � s 4. TI w i' r ' 1,l " y t 4K a f 1` 'r t $ 40 .. ',7 f as r +�+ 1 � ° t a � w 1' .ti . ., • ii � r i 7 p���`� ^ • i ' , � r1 , ' ' lti$f 1 Y o t t 1 : �/ r F <k n' '�. bt Grff ; ' F' , Vi 4 el r ,P Y 13 M1 / o 1 –EXPEIDITIONS c, 1 rt � r ,R a Er � Z " ---0: '� t °,( tar r : ' t r r t i , +' tv OF r i 1 •x y1 !'s r , 114,* 1l t�, i ' 5 r t a Y 1 Tyr tM La, .'•?� ( ,: s fi f . STEPHEN H LONG l ,,,, ' J >h 3r r , , fi firr of�� � �,�' ri r d �i ry U G k C_, a , S ty (, !r � {, a � f..r r1 � .' m ” Y ;. y . t c e , : ,,'. „. , -[ F' ' , e ? c 1 y r .4..5.4t';`;', i F �� , :r� r t " 7y ',..'';'1,""' ' 1 �j t r "{, r ,N,:•:;4•51,!;.1- r5: 0$'F � ir. T!Z(. journals of 181 and 1823 {, t _ � ��{' and Relayed Documents STEPHEN H. LONG by Charles Willson Peale. Long sat Y . for this portrait at Philadelphia in r81g. Courtesy Inde- Edited by Lucile M. Kane, penrlence Hall Collection, Philadelphia. June D. Holmquist, and Carolyn Gilman i , MINNESOTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY PRESS e 1918 t. } ' r 154 Northern Expeditions of Stephen H. Long i LONG JOURN 1 823 - The Minnesota and the Red 1 55 I The party that ascended by water from Prairie du Chien arrived Mr, Reynville [Joseph Renville], a distinguished interpreter of the late on the evening of the and Inst., and Lt. Scott with the boats , Iv ..;f Sioux language, was employed to accompany us to the Red river, and crew and boat was ordered back to Ft. Crawford on the 4th for the ".' a young Metiff [metis] named Louis Demarest [Desmarais ?] was en- purpose of bringing back with him a detachment ciao men to supply ` 'A gaged for the route to Mackinaw. They are both Metiffs of French the place of those that were to be added to our party. He w as fathers and Indian mothers.' directed to return as soon as possible, that he might overtak[e] us on ' ' ' ';. The following list will show the names of the persons composing our march and join our party e `, the Expedition, and the capacities in which they serve. No time has been lost in re aria and expediting the means of - " " Ma '. S. H. Lon comd . officer Expedi. P p g P g r J g' g our departure. l Prof. T. Say, Zoologist Lity. Journalis. »Y ' ? " W. H. Keating, Geologist WEDNESDAY J 9, 1823. At Ft. St. Anthony we were fur- 3 � x , Mr. J. E. Calhoun A. A,, Topr. & Astronom. Wished with a guard of zz men, including one Sergeant and two Mr. S. Seymour, Ld. Skp. Painter & Designer corporals, who were placed under the immediate command of Lt. ,, Lt. St. C. Denny A. A., Topr, and Comdg. guard [St. CIair] Denny, detailed for the service of the Expedition till s ,i, Mr. [William] Jos[ep]h Snelling, volunteer guid[e] &c. relieved by Lt. Scott and allowed to accompany us farther in case he ? rr Mr, G. Beltrami, Amateur traveller. • should wish to perform the tours " Mr. Jos. Reynville [Renville], guide & Sioux interprer. We were here also supplied with i2 additional horses, 8 pack Mr. Louis Demarest [Desmarais?], Chipy. Interprets. saddles, 4 draggoon Saddles, and other equipments for our horses. Sergeant Geo. Day 5th Infany., Reg. Co. E The rovisions laid in at this post for the exigencies of the journey t , ,,, p p ; Corporl, J. W. [West H.?] Anderson Do. Co. A were as follows, viz. 480 lb. of hard biscuit, 350 0 lb. Pork, 7o lb. Ham, t Corpl. Geo. Moore Do. Co. H 100 lb. Sugar, 15 lb. Coffee, 6 lb. Tea, and a few other articles. f Privt. Thos. Lyons Do. Co. A Beside Lt. Denny, Mr. [William] J. Snelling, son of Col. S.,volun- fii II teered to accompany us to Red river. Having spent considerable ' z +, S ams. Swaney If !/ ❑ Hugh Frazier time up the St. Peter's in the capacity of Indian trader, he had t � Johnson , " Rich. S. Joh " " acquired a pretty good knowledge of the Sioux Language, as also of , . „ Rich S. Newman Co. C the manners & customs of the indians. Mr. [Giacomo C.] Beltrami i ++ +, ++ !+ , • and [an] Italian gentleman of the order of Noblem., also joined our , .q ' T[homas] Taggart . ,, John] Irvin and r! I + party as an amateur traveller, He had ascended to Ft. St. Anthony in ; 1, the Steam boat Virgin[ia] (which had made two trips to this post laden „..!. v. ' Joseph Snelling,” in Snelling, Tales, vii —xxv (Reprint ed., Minneapolis, 1971) On his ,, ! :,, trade with the Indians, see note 18, below. with public stores early in the season and is the first that has ever >. • . w.. ascended the river above the Demo en [Des Moines rapids) and Beltrami, who was not a nobleman but had held several official posts in Italy, Y [ ] p d arrived at Fort St. Anthony on May io, 1823, aboard the "Virginia." Lawrence learning that our expedition was on the march, waited 3 weeks for i , s° Taliaferro, Indian agent at the fort, who was also aboard the steamboat, gave Beltrami our arrival with the view of accompanying us. s { i'' �-" '' a horse and provisions for his Journey with Long's party. See p. 31, above; William J. y ,• Petersen, "The 'Virginia,' the 'Clermont' of the Upper Mississippi," in Minnesota 4 On Clark, above, see Van Cleve, in MHC, Lon found it necessary to e:',: History, 9: 347 - (December, 1928), Taliaferro, in MHC, 6.24o -242. exchange the military escort secured at Fort Crawford because of its poor perform- ' ' ' Renville spent most of his life trading with the Dakota. When Long met him in ance during the trip from Prairie du Chien. Only Pvt. Bunker from Fort Crawford I' ' 1. ,, . 1823 he was a member of the Columbia Fur Company with headquarters at Lake remained with the expedition. See Keating, Narrative, 1: 264, 267, 311; p. 286, be- t.,' ' Traverse. See Gertrude W. Ackermann, "Joseph Renville of Lac Qui Parle," in Mtn- ; ::.�, low s nesota History, 12' 231 -246 (September, 1931) 5 On Denny, see Heitman, Historical Register, 1:367; Charlotte O. Van Cleve, 11 + Demarest is called "Pellais" by both Colhoun, p. 285, below, and Keating, Narra- Three Score Years and Ten, 26 (Minneapolis, 1888). Scott caught up with the expedi- +1,y1,`,.. tine, 1: 315. His name does not appear in the accounts Long submitted to the War lion on July 27, 1823; see p. 174, below. Denny remained with the party until it , Department, and he seems to have left the party at Pembina. He may have been the reached Mackinac. See p. 373, below. ti fur trader Louis Desmarais (with vanant spellings) who is mentioned frequently in 6 William Snelling is best known for his writings, articular) Tales o the North- 1, r` "' % the Taliaferro Papers for the 182os and 183os See, for example, Taliaferro Journal, west (Boston, 1830)• g For his career, see John T. Flanagan, "Introduction: William � ,I: February 2, 1836 (14:13), Taliaferro Papers. 0.'i: 1 5 6 Northern Expeditions of Stephen H. Long ; , LONG JOURNAL 1823 - The Minnesota and the Red 157 Jac[o]b Slaughter Co. E ; t' took a few days allowance of provisions only that they might proceed „ J[ohn] McPhail ,, ,, ,, t., gu with as little fatigue to the horses as practicable. J[ohn] O'Neal II " 11 ',4 :¢,t: On our way up the river we met Mr. [Lawrence] Taliafer[r]o Nathaniel] Brown ,, " 11 - . ' returning. He had been up about 6 miles to the znd Sioux village, J[ohn] Russick 11 Co. H ,. ; :. ' and learning that the Indians at the mouth of Terre blue (Blue II J[ame]s Gardner 11 f1 „ ' r ,, Earth) river were absent on a hunting expedition, gave over his L[inus] Scott ] A purpose of ascending higher. Passed two Sioux villages, one 3 and Privt. Mathew] Cunningham 5th R[eg]t. Co. I ; `;:'' ,: ' the other six miles above the mouth of the St. Peter's. Encamped at J[ame]s Dougherty 1, 11 3 ��� an Indian lodge, where we found protection from the annoyance of II ` Y .= J[ame]s Fletcher r / ' ,,.. : the musquitoes. Distance 6 ill miles. 1, Peter Wicoff CT.-:. THURSDAY, JULY 10, 1823. Started early, passed another Sioux 11 Geo. Bunker Co. G village on the north side of the river called the Old village. Break - The gentlemen of the party were armed partly with Rifles and . ` `: ' fasted at the ruins of a recent trading establishment. Travelled about partly with double barrelled guns. Many of them were furnished 3 '�`'" 24 [12] miles and arrived at the village of the Six, situated on the with pistols and the apparatus proper to be carried with their arms. _ � x r north side. It was now vacated, its inhabitants having recently gone Four of the men were armed with rifles and their accompanying '' on a hunting expedition. accoutrements, and the residue with Muskets, bayonets & „ Having met with our companions about 2 miles below this village Cartridge - boxes. Our travelling apparatus embraced also five tent t a> k'` and given them instructions to proceed to the village where [we] flies as substitutes for tents, together with the usual allowance of ''' `4 6 r` ,, g the river, we waited for their arrival a : ; ' 4; w ould aid them in crossing Camp equippage and several articles of extra furniture, such as tiny { ": . long time when three of the river party went in search of them. But kettles, 1 copper kettle, two small brass kettles, &c. for the use of "rrr .i!i. returning without having seen them, we concluded they had pro - the gentlemen of the party. - "R ' ceeded onward, and accordingly resumed our voyage] at half past 5 L'f, $:- Thus furnished & equipped we took our leave of our friends at Ft. ti. P. M. St. Anthony and commenced our journey up the St. Peter's at half + , 10 Taliaferro served as Indian agent at Fort Snelling from 182o to 1839; he had set past 5 P M. . out to hold a council with the Sisseton in Long's presence. See Helen M. White, Maj. L. took charge of a party to ascend ? Guide to a Microfilm Edition of The Lawrence Taliaferro Papers, 5 -11 (St. Paul, g p ty d by water, consisting of :: discrepancies in the dis- h 1g66). Keating, Narrative, 1:328. While there are many Mr. Keating, Mr. Seymour, Mr. De Reynville, one corporal, and 12 tances and locations of the Minnesota River Dakota villages, the three -mile one on privates, while the residue proceeded with the horses by land. It " the left bank in present Bloomington, Hennepin County, may have been that of the was Our purpose to meet Occasionally on the river, and the cirCUm White Bustard mentioned in Thomas Forsyth, "Fort Snelling. Col. Leavenworth's q - Expedition to Establish at, In 1818," in MHC, 3:156, or some Iess permanent village. stance that the Land party must avail themselves of our aid in cross - -" 1` See also Cones, ed , Pike, 1:89n. The six -mile village on the right bank in Dakota County was that of Black Dog or Wamendetanka On this and the Blue Earth band of ing the river rendered this measure necessary. e The party by water were embarked in a skiff and 4 canoes and s , Sisseton, see Keating, Narrative, 1.326, 34 345, 3 80, 385, Bray and Bray, eds., i , n is Nicollet on the Plains, 43, 255. 256; Taliaferro, Sioux Census, September 1, 1834, had charge of most of the provisions, baggage &c. The other party September 3o, 1836, OIA, St Peter's Agency, Letters Received, NARG 75. 11 The Old Village, usually known as that of Chiefs Penichon (with variant spell- 8 The names of the soldiers are given in AGO, Inspection Returns and Muster ? rags) and later Good Road, was near the mouth of Nine Mile Creek in present Rolls for the appropriate -'' ppropriate companies, Fifth Infantry, Fort St. Anthony, August, 1823, .. °s Hennepin County. The trading establishment has not been identified. The largest NARG 94. Corp. J. W. Anderson is not listed perhaps Long meant Corp. West IT F:_ ' ' village on the Minnesota River, headed by Chief Shakopee or Six, a well -known Anderson of Company B. If by "A.A." Long meant to indicate that Colhoun and ' y�' Y " ., Mdewakanton leader, was for some years located on the left bank, as Long indicated. _,. F r: Denny were professional American army men, the designation is confusing, for "`', It is so shown on Taliaferro's map in James B. Rhoads, "The Fort Snelling Area in 54' Also present in the party " ?' 18 35� A Contemporary Colhoun was a navy midshipman. See Introduction, note . i " 1 G Later it P Y Ma P , in Minnesota History, 3 2: z6 (March, 95 ) was Andrew Allison, the black servant. See p. 192., below. '4 :,' was moved to the right bank in present -day Shakopee. See Babcock, in Minnesota 9 For an account of the land party, composed of Colhoun, Say, Denny, Desmarais z se€ +:. Archaeologist, 11:1 0; Bray and Bray, eds , Nicollet on the Plains, 2 6; g' 3 y y 43> 45> 55> 25 or Pellais, and nine soldiers, see pp. 285 -288, below. r %- Beltrami, Pilgrimage, 2.306; Keating, Narrative, 1:32.8, 3 3 ti A i ' 9 P 7 .... 158 Northern Expeditions of Stephen H. Long ; :. „• LONG JOURNAL 1823 - The Minnesota and the Red 159 During this delay, we had an opportunity of visiting the Indn, corn ., ,e,. the current rapid, but we were able to pass them with our baggage fields, which were extensive, as also several scaffolds erected for the 5, '1 ;' on board, is use of the dead. We observed a recent grave at which a crucifix had ' ' ' g'' Having crossed the rapids, we dined and resumed our march. been erected, also a dog suspended in one of the corn fields with his . t . ` Arrived at a small Sioux village about 5 miles above the rapids at 3 head decorated with feathers and horse hair dyed red, probably u.'` P. M. The Indians were all absent on a hunting expedition, and we offered in sacrifice for the security of their fields & h[o]uses during could only gratify our curiosity by visiting their Wigwams, burying the absence of the Indians places &c. We observed two scaffolds on which as many dead bodies The village consisted of 14 large wigwams constructed of bark and r had been deposited, On one of them, erect[ed] about 12 feet high & iy, s poles, each large enough to accommodate from 3o to 5o inhabitants , c . situated on a rising ground, was a rude coffin covered with calico living in the manner of savages. '. and containing a corpse. Immediately under the scaffold, a post was On the south side of the river opposite to the village is one wig - J r set about 6 ft. high on which were inscribed several rude figures of warn and a corn -field besides several enclosures of small pickets Al-. e . ' Indians by the friends of the deceased, purporting to be victims or intended probably as cemetaries. On the same side of the river are ,, i � u'.; prisoners taken in battle who had preceded him on their march to situated numerous antient tumuli, some of them of pretty large size. s r , the other world, and who were thus offered as guides or companions They occupy a large extent of the prairie on which they are situated. r , of the deceased to conduct him on his way. On the other, the friends ` v of the deceased had evinced their grief by wrenching locks of hair In one part of the prairie they formed a line of about 1/2 mile in a f from their heads and offering it at the scaffold in token of their direction parallel to the river from which it was distant about 300 I r friendship. At both scaffolds were burying grounds in which the yards. Thro'out this distance they were arranged at intervals of from :. 12. to 15 yards asunder, and when viewed at one end of the line r ,.5 ' . remains are depositd when the coffin shall have decayed, as is cus- appeared to form a ridge or parapet. Encamped a few miles above � z :; tomary among the Sioux. At this place we had also mad[e] arrangements to meet our Land the village at sunset. Dist. 32 miles, ' ^ a.;• ;. „`<� .�•. ; companions and expected to find them waiting for us on our arrival. FRIDAY, JULY 11, 1823. Started at dawn of day. Proceeded about ; SATURDAY, JULY 12, 1823. Started at break of day and proceeded 6 miles and discovered our Land - companions encamped and waiting our arrival. They informed us that their reason for not coining to the K 11 miles before break fast. Soon afterwards met Mr. Farribo villa e where we ex ected them was that the found themselves K [Faribautt] of St. Anthony descending from an indian village above g p y 1 . with a large canoe manned by two french men. Finding our skiff in a separated from it by a swamp which they deemed impassable. We , leaky condition and in other respects illy suited to the navigation of aided them in crossing the river, which delayed us a little more than ,..:, ' the river, we effected an exchange for his canoe, giving him instruc- 2hours. , h, I {' eIi tions to Col. Snelling with a request that the Col. would satisfy him Passed a shoal [Carver Bar] in the river extending across it with . £or the canoe. We found this vessel a very useful as well as conven scarcely a sufficient depth of water to admit our boats. l• lent addition to our little fleet, which now consisted of 5 canoes. Passed the Little [Carver] rapids, which are said to be 6o [35. Entered a considerable forest [Big Woods] called by the French miles from the mouth of the river. They are formed by two rock bars . , : Boi Franc from the circumstance of its containing timber trees of a of sand stone extending across the river and occasioning an aggre- x a _° gate fall of about 7 feet. The channels across them were narrow & ;a , ql,. 13 The Upper and Lower Little Rapids, now known as Carver Rapids, are between Scott and Carver counties, Tii.SN, Rz3W, Sec. 31. A total fall of 7.28 feet was 12 Seymour completed a painting of a scaffold burial as well as a drawing; see pp. recorded by G. K. Warren, Minnesota River, 25 (43 Congress, 2 session, House 308, 392, below. Several groups of mounds in the Shakopee area are described in ? Executive Documents, no. 76— serial 1645 ), See also p. 288, below. Winchell, Aborigines, r i 1 See also Theodore H Lewis to Alfred J. Hill, Oc- 14 This was the Sand Creek village, but at this date it seems to have been located tober 12, 1882, in Archaeological Records, Division of Archives and Manuscripts, i k a several miles above the mouth of Sand Creek near present Jordan. See below, p. ?' z88; BeItrami, Pilgrimage, 2: zo7; Bray and Bray, eds. Nicollet on the Plains, 46, MHS. , v .. ; ; r. ): Featherstonhaugh, Canoe Voyage, z: 29>; Keating, Narrative, 1 33 3 u z�; :5' � mar � . 42 i .