presentation doc 1Nicotine is harmful to the
development of the adolescent
brain.
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3 out of 4 adults favor increasing
the sale age for tobacco to 21.
WHY RAISE THE TOBACCO SALE AGE?
The tobacco industry heavily targets young adults ages 18-21 in order to
recruit new tobacco users and guarantee profits. Approximately 95 percent
of current adult smokers started before they were 21.' In Minnesota, no one
under 18 years old is allowed to buy tobacco. Youth get tobacco from several
sources, including social sources. A 16 -year-old has more contact with and
access to 18-year-olds who can buy tobacco. However, it is less likely a
16 -year-old would ask a 21 -year-old for tobacco. Increasing the age gap
between young people and those who can legally buy tobacco will reduce
youth access to tobacco.
A 2015 report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) found that increasing
the legal age to purchase tobacco to 21 would decrease smoking initiation
among 15 -17-year-olds by 25 percent .2 A Minnesota -specific study looked
at the impact of raising the tobacco age and found that 25 percent fewer
15 -year-olds would start smoking by the time they turn 18 and 15 percent
fewer 18-year-olds would start smoking by the time they turn 18. This
translates into 30,000 young people not becoming smokers over the next 15
years.3 If youth don't smoke by the time they are 21, they likely never will.
WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF NICOTINE ON ADOLESCENT
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT?
Nicotine is addictive and is particularly harmful to the developing adolescent
brain. Evidence suggests that nicotine interferes with brain maturation and
can have a long-term effect on cognitive development and mental health.4
Even brief or intermittent nicotine exposure during adolescence can cause
lasting damage.5
The addictive properties of nicotine can lead adolescents to heavier daily
tobacco use and a more difficult time quitting later in life.s Nicotine exposure
can also increase the risk of addiction to other harmful substances.5 The
long-term effects of nicotine on the adolescent brain is a significant public
health concern.' e
WHO SUPPORTS RAISING THE TOBACCO SALE AGE TO
21?
A 2014 national survey shows that 75 percent of adults favor increasing
the minimum sale age for tobacco to 21. A national consensus is growing
to protect young people from a lifetime of addiction and health problems
caused by tobacco by raising the tobacco sale age. In addition, 70 percent
of current smokers and 65 percent of those age 18-24 support raising the
minimum tobacco sale age.9
l
�
Nicotine is harmful to the
development of the adolescent
brain.
0 0 0 0
Ifil
3 out of 4 adults favor increasing
the sale age for tobacco to 21.
WHY RAISE THE TOBACCO SALE AGE?
The tobacco industry heavily targets young adults ages 18-21 in order to
recruit new tobacco users and guarantee profits. Approximately 95 percent
of current adult smokers started before they were 21.' In Minnesota, no one
under 18 years old is allowed to buy tobacco. Youth get tobacco from several
sources, including social sources. A 16 -year-old has more contact with and
access to 18-year-olds who can buy tobacco. However, it is less likely a
16 -year-old would ask a 21 -year-old for tobacco. Increasing the age gap
between young people and those who can legally buy tobacco will reduce
youth access to tobacco.
A 2015 report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) found that increasing
the legal age to purchase tobacco to 21 would decrease smoking initiation
among 15 -17-year-olds by 25 percent .2 A Minnesota -specific study looked
at the impact of raising the tobacco age and found that 25 percent fewer
15 -year-olds would start smoking by the time they turn 18 and 15 percent
fewer 18-year-olds would start smoking by the time they turn 18. This
translates into 30,000 young people not becoming smokers over the next 15
years.3 If youth don't smoke by the time they are 21, they likely never will.
WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF NICOTINE ON ADOLESCENT
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT?
Nicotine is addictive and is particularly harmful to the developing adolescent
brain. Evidence suggests that nicotine interferes with brain maturation and
can have a long-term effect on cognitive development and mental health.4
Even brief or intermittent nicotine exposure during adolescence can cause
lasting damage.5
The addictive properties of nicotine can lead adolescents to heavier daily
tobacco use and a more difficult time quitting later in life.s Nicotine exposure
can also increase the risk of addiction to other harmful substances.5 The
long-term effects of nicotine on the adolescent brain is a significant public
health concern.' e
WHO SUPPORTS RAISING THE TOBACCO SALE AGE TO
21?
A 2014 national survey shows that 75 percent of adults favor increasing
the minimum sale age for tobacco to 21. A national consensus is growing
to protect young people from a lifetime of addiction and health problems
caused by tobacco by raising the tobacco sale age. In addition, 70 percent
of current smokers and 65 percent of those age 18-24 support raising the
minimum tobacco sale age.9
"Raising the legal
minimum age for
cigarette purchaser
to 21 could gut our
young adult market
where we sell about
25 billion cigarettes
and enjoy a
70 percent market
share."
Philip Morris
report, 1985
California, Hawaii,
New Jersey, Maine and
Oregon raised the minimum
legal sale age for tobacco
products to 21 since 2016.
More than 275 localities
in the United States
have raised the minimum
legal sale age for tobacco
products to 21.
IS YOUTH TOBACCO USE STILL A PROBLEM?
The percent of students who smoke cigarettes is declining, but the 2016
Minnesota Student Survey found that 91th and 11th graders in Minnesota are
now using e -cigarettes at twice the rate of regular cigarettes.10 Increasing
the sale age to 21 would reduce youth access to all harmful tobacco
products, including e -cigarettes, cigars and hookah.
WHAT CAN STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS DO?
Hawaii and California and a growing list of more than 275 cities in the
United States have raised the tobacco sale age to 21. New York City,
Boston, Kansas City, Saint Louis and Chicago lead that list.
The city of Needham, Mass., raised the legal tobacco sale age to 21 in
2005. Within five years, tobacco use among high school students decreased
by nearly half.11
Some organizations who support raising
tobacco sale age to 21 include:
• American Cancer Society Cancer
Action Network
■ American Heart Association
• American Lung Association
• ClearWay Minnesotasm
• Minnesota Academy of Family
Physicians
• Service Employees International
Union Minnesota State Council
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SOURCES
1 US Deparbnenl of Health and Human Services. Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General US Department of Health
and Human Services, Centers for Disease Contra and Prevention, Natlonal 2 Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health
2012.
2 Institute of Medicine Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products National Academy Press. 2015,
3 Boyle, R., Kingsbury, J. & Parks, M Raising the Minimum Legal Sales Age for Tobacco to 21 Minnesota Medicine. 2017
4 U S Department of Health and Human Services The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General U.S Department of
Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and
Health 2014
5 Goriounova, N , Mansvelder, H. Nicotine exposure during adolescence alters the rules for prefrontal cortical synaptic plasticity during adulthood Frontiers In synaptic
neuroscience 2012
6 Nelson, D at al. Long-term Vends in adolescent and young aduk smoking In the United States: melapallems and implications Am J Public Health 2006
7 Abreu-Milaca, Y at al. Short-term adolescent nicotine exposure has immediate and persistent effects on cholinergic systems: critical periods, patterns of exposure, dose
thresholds. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003
6 Sllkker W Jr. et al Mode of action: disruption of brain cell replication, second messenger, and neurotransmitter systems during development leading to cognitive
dysfunction—developmentel neurotoxlcily of niccline Crit Rev Toxlcol 2005.
9 King BA at al. Attitudes Toward Raising the Minimum Age of Sale for Tobacco Among U S Adults Am J Prev Med 2015
10 Minnesota Student Survey Date Minnesota Department of Health 2016; http:/leducation.slate. mn. us/MDE/dse/health/mss/. Accessed November 22, 2016
11 Kessed Schneider Set al Community reductions In youth smoking after raising the minimum tobacco sales ego to 21 TO Control, 2015.
The Association for Nonsmokers -Minnesota is dedicated to reducing the human and economic costs of tobacco use in Minnesota.
2395 University Avenue W, Suite 310, St. Paul, MN 55114 1651-646-3005 1 www.ansrmn.org