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5 VAR 740 Chippewa CircleCITY OF PC DATE: 7/7/99 CCDATE: CASE #: 99-8 VAR By: Kirchoff:v STAFF REPORT PROPOSAL: LOCATION: APPLICANT: Request for a 5 foot variance from the 25 foot front yard setback and a 30 foot variance fr6m the 30 foot bluff protection setback for the construction of a single family dwelling. 740 Ch/ppewa Circle (Lot 4, Block 4, Chanhassen Vista) Pat & Judy Neuman 1654 Portland Avenue St. Paul, MN 55104 615/647-5136 David Segal Shelard Development Co. 11900 Wayzata Blvd., Suite 208 Minnetonka, MN 546-5747 PRESENT ZONING: ACREAGE: DENSITY: ADJACENT ZONING AND LAND USES: WATER AND SEWER: PHYSICAL CHARACTER: PUD-R, Planned Unit Development, Residential 31,000 sq. fi. N/A N: S: E: W: PUD-R, Planned unit Developmem, Residential PUD-R, Planned Unit Development, Residential PUD-R, Planned Unit Development, Residential Kerber Pond Park Available to the site The site is vacant. A bluff exists on the westem portion of the property. 2000 LAND USE pLAN: Low Density Residential Neuman Variance July 7, 1999 Page 2 APPLICABLE REGULATIONS The Chanhassen Vista PUD permits a 25 foot front yard setback on Lot 4, Block 4. Section 20-1401 (a) of the zoning ordinance requires a 30 foot setback from the top of the bluff (Attachment 2). BACKGROUND Chanhassen Vista was platted in 1985. Several of the lots in this PUD, including the subject site, were granted a 5 foot variance from the required 30 foot front yard setback. In an effort to preserve the slope and shift the house footprints from the slope, this and other lots abutting Kerber Pond Park have "scenic easements." The applicant is proposing to construct a single family home on the site. The buildable area is limited by the required 25 foot front yard setback, 10 foot side yard setbacks and the 30 foot bluff protection setback. The proposed home is a two-story, walk-out design. It is 44 feet in depth and 42 feet in width (at its widest point). The buildable area is essentially a triangle and is a total of approximately 747 sq. ft. (23 feet at its greatest depth and 4 feet at its smallest). The applicant is requesting a variance from the front yard setback and the bluff protection setback. ANALYSIS The applicant is requesting a 5 foot variance from the 25 foot front yard setback and a 30 foot variance from the 30 foot bluff protection setback for the construction of a single family home. The home foundation encroaches 5 feet into the bluff and the deck extends 17 feet beyond the top of the bluff. The subject site is a lot of record. The buildable area is constrained by the literal enforcement of the zoning ordinance. In order for the property owner to make a reasonable use of the property, a variance(s) will have to be granted. A reasonable use is defined as the use made by a majority of comparable property within 500 feet. A "use" can be defined as "the purpose or activity for which land or buildings are designed, arranged or intended or for which land or buildings are occupied or maintained." In this case, because it is in a RSF zoning district, a reasonable use is a single family home with a two-stall garage. Staff supports the applicant being granted variances to construct a reasonable-sized home on the property. The home plan the applicant submitted is comparable with the homes in the development. Front Yard Setback The applicant is proposing to locate a home 20 feet from the property line abutting Chippewa Circle. The PUD allows this lot to maintain a 25 foot setback so the variance request is only 5 Ncuman Variance July 7, 1999 Page 3 feet. Staff supports this variance so the majority of the foundation can be located out of the bluff. Furthermore, this is the minimum setback that can be supported so larger vehicles can be parked in the driveway. Bluff Protection Setback This PUD was platted prior to the adoption of the bluff protection ordinance City-wide. According to the aerial photos on file at the City, a few of the homes in this development extend into the bluff setback (city-wide bluff protection ordinance was adopted in 1994). In fact, it is likely that the property to the south extends into the bluff. This proposal does not maintain any setback because a comer of the house and the majority of the deck is located in the bluff. According to the survey submitted by the applicant, the western comer of the home and deck extend 17 feet into the bluff. The applicant would like 8 feet of decking on the lower level of the home in addition to the 8 feet located under the main level porch. (This decking has been drawn on the survey by staff.) This means the lower deck would extend 16 feet from the foundation of the home. Although staff supports a variance from the 30 foot bluff protection setback, the foundation should not extend into the bluff to minimize the impact (grading and slope disturbance) on the bluff. Staff would recommend the home be rotated approximately 30 degrees to the south, while maintaining the 20 foot front yard setback and the 10 foot side yard setback at the north eastern comer of the proposed home (see Attachment 5). This pivot will limit the protrusion into the bluff'to two small comers of the foundation. Ideally, there shall be no structure encroaching into the bluff, but that is not possible with the main level porch and lower level deck. It is recommended that the lower deck not exceed 16 feet in depth to limit the encroachment into the bluff by that distance. This is a condition of approval. Grading It is recommended that grading shall not take place beyond 10 feet of the foundation of the home to preserve the slope. This is a condition of approval. Yard Encroachments In cases where a variance is granted, the zoning ordinance does not permit any encroachments into the setback such as eaves or bay windows. This means the 20 foot front yard setback shall be measured from the edge of the eave on the garage (not from the foundation) to the property line abutting Chippewa Circle. Staff believes the applicant has demonstrated a hardship and supports the front yard variance and bluff setback variance. Neuman Variance July 7, 1999 Page 4 FINDINGS The Board of Adjustments and Appeals shall not recommend and the City Council shall not grant a variance unless they find the following facts: ao That the literal enforcement of this chapter would cause an undue hardship. Undue hardship means that the property cannot be put to reasonable use because of its size, physical surroundings, shape or topography. Reasonable use includes a use made by a majority of comparable property within 500 feet of it. The intent of this provision is not to allow a proliferation of variances, but to recognize that there are pre-existing standards in this neighborhood. Variances that blend with these pre-existing standards without departing downward from them meet this criteria. Finding: The literal enforcement of the ordinance does cause a hardship. The applicant could not construct a home on this site without relief from the zoning ordinance. The topography of the site requires a bluff setback, thus limiting the buildable area to 747 sq. fi. The conditions upon which a petition for a variance is based are not applicable, generally, to other property within the same zoning classification. Finding: The conditions upon which this variance is based are applicable to all properties in the RSF zoning district. Co The purpose of the variation is not based upon a desire to increase the value or income potential of the parcel of land. Finding: The purpose of this request to obtain relief from the zoning ordinance to construct a single family home on a vacant parcel. d. The alleged difficulty or hardship is not a self-created hardship. Finding: The hardship is not self-created. The site was platted prior to the bluff protection ordinance was adopted city-wide in 1994. The granting of the variance will not be detrimental to the public welfare or injurious to other land or improvements in the neighborhood in which the parcel is located. Finding: The granting of the variance will not be detrimental to the public welfare or injurious to other land or improvements in the neighborhood in which the parcel is located.. The proposed variation will not impair an adequate supply of light and air to adjacent property or substantially increase the congestion of the public streets or increase the danger Neuman Variance July 7, 1999 Page 5 of fire or endanger the public safety or substantially diminish or impair property values within the neighborhood. Finding: The proposed variation will not impair an adequate supply of light and air to adjacent property or substantially increase the congestion of the public streets or increase the danger of fire or endanger the public safety or substantially diminish or impair property values within the neighborhood. RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that the Planning Commission adopt the following motion: "The Planning Commission approves variance request #99-8 for a 5 foot variance from the 25 foot front yard setback and a 30 foot variance from 30 foot bluff protection setback for the construction of a single family home based upon the findings presented in the staff report with the following conditions: 1. The home shall be rotated to the south as shown on the plans prepared by staff to minimize the area of the foundation that encroaches into the bluff. 2. Grading shall not take place beyond 10 feet of the foundation of the home. 3. The lower deck cannot encroach more than 16 feet into the bluff. 4. A detailed grading, drainage and erosion control plan shall be submitted at the time of building permit application for review and approval by the City. 5. The top of the bluff shall be noted on the survey submitted as part of the building permit application." ATTACHMENTS 1. Application and Letter 2. Section 20-1400, Bluff Protection Ordinance 3. Section 20-908, Yard Regulations 4. Lot Survey and Home Elevation and Footprint 5. Staff Revised Home Location 6. Public heating notice and property owners g:\plan\ck\boa\neuman 99-8 var.doc ~PPLlCANT: CITY OF CHANHASSEN 690 COULTER DRIVE CHANHASSEN, MN 55317 (612) 937-1900 DEVELOPMENT REVIEW APPLICATION MAY 1999 CITY OF CHANHASSEN 'i=I I=PHONE (Day time) ~"'l ~ c~,r) ADDRESS: TELEPHONE: Comprehensive Plan Amendment Temporary sales Permit Conditional Use Permit Interim Use Permit Non-conforming Use Permit Planned Unit Development* Vacation of ROW/Easements _.~ Variance Wetland Alteration Permit .. Zoning Appeal Rezoning Zoning Ordinance Amendment Sign Permits Sign Plan Review Notification Sign Site Plan Review* Subdivision* X .. Escr, ow~r Filing Fees/Attorney Cost** (~$50/CUP/SPRNACNAR/W AP/Metes "and Bounds, $400 Minor SUB) TOTAL FEE $ A list of all property owners within 500 feet of the boundaries o,f the property ,must be included with the ' ' ~f~ c,'~/~. ~>..;,Z~,.~_ ~~~a~e~us~e~ubmit~wit~i[~lan~eviews. . ~l'wenty-six.full'size-folded-copies-of'the plans mustbe-submitted;-includingan8V='"X11" reduced copy-of , transparencyfor-eachplan sheet. ** Escrowwillberequired for et her-applications-th rough-thedevelopment-contract-_~__ )TH - When multiple applications are processed, the appropriate fee shall be charged for each application. TOTAL ACREAGE WETLANDS PRESENT ]=R.ESENT Z. ONING I:{EQUESTED ZONING PRESENT LAND USE DESIGNATION ]:~EQUESTED LAND USE DESIGNATION REASON FOR THIS REQUEST YES ~ NO This application must be completed in full and be typewritten or clearly printed and must be accompanied by all information and plans required by applicable City Ordinance provisions. Before filing this application, you should confer with the Planning Department to determine the specific ordinance and procedural requirements applicable to your application. A determination of completeness of the application shall be made within ten business days of application submittal. A written ru3tice of application deficiencies shall be mailed to the applicant within ten business days of application. "i'h~'s is to certify that I am making application for the described action by the City and that I am responsible for complying with all City requirements with regard to this request. This application should be processed in my name and I am the party whom the City should contact regarding any matter pertaining to this application. I have attached a copy of proof of ownership (either "~ copy of Owner's Duplicate Certificate of-Title, Abstract of Title or purchase agreement), or I am the authorized person to make .this application and the fee owner has also signed this application. I w~ keep myseff informed of the deadlines for submission of material and the progress of this application. I further understand that additional fees may be charged for consulting fees, feasibility studies, etc. with an estimate prior to any authorization to proceed with the study. The documents and information I have submitted are true and correct to the best of ~n.y knowledge. The c'~y hereby notifies the applicant that development review cannot be completed within 60 days due to public hearing ~'equirements and agency review. Therefore, the city is notifying the applicant that the city requires an automatic 60 day extension for development review. Development review shall be completed within 120 days unless additional review extensions are approved by the applicant. Sigrz~ture ~)f F~e~ Owner Date .App~r_,a~'~on Received on Fee Paid Receipt No. 'i'he applicant should contact staff for a copy of the staff report which will be available on Friday prior to the meeting. if not contacted, a copy of the report will be mailed to the applicant's address. IVIAY 2 7 1999 Attachment A. GHANPIAaa~ r~J~u~g u~PT Lot 4 was established before passage of an ordinance for a 30 ft. setback from a bluffline. With the 30 ft. bluff ordinance enforced, the dimensions and topography of the lot do not allow for the construction of a family home. The applicant requests to build an average size family home on the lot. A drawing of the plan (attachment B.), was designed to meet both I0 ft. side setbacks, in consideration of the concerns of the immediate neighbors, and to have the smallest possible impact to the bluff area. In consideration that the house would not have a backyard lawn, due to the existing slope and natural vegetation, the 8 ft. deck area that is shown to surround the southeast portion of the proposed house is considered to be very important. A variance to the bluffordinance and front setback is requested, asshownonattachmentB. ~ ~'i'¢-1-.4C¢ 0'"( -Iff( b~,$e' C{ta,c'~lq (q.,$'~)) ZONING § 20-1402 Secs. 20-1352--20-1399. Reserved. ARTICI,E XXVIII. BLUFF PROTECTION Sec. 20-1400. Statement of intent. Development, excavation, clearcutting and other activities within the bluffimpact zone may result in increased dangers of erosion, increased visibility to surrounding properties and thereby endanger 'the natural character of the land and jeopardize the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of the city. To preserve the character of the bluff impact .zone within the city, alteration to land or vegetation within the bluff area will not be permitted except as regulated by this article and by the regulations of the underlying zoning district where the property is located. (Ord. No. 152, § 2, 10-14-91; Ord. No. 249, § 2, 4-8-96) Sec. 20-1401. Structure setbacks. (a) Structures, including, but not limited to, principal buildings, decks, and accessory buildings, except stairways and landings, are prohibited on the bluff and must be set back from the top of the bluff, the toe of the bluff, and the side of a bluff at least thirty (30) feet. (b) On parcels of land on which a building has already been constructed on June 1, 1991, the setback from the top of the bluff is five (5) feet or existing setback, whichever is more, for additions to an existing building. Any new buildings will have to meet the thirty-foot setback. (Ord. No. 152, § 2, 10-14-91; Ord. No. 249, § 3, 4-8-96) Sec. 20-1402. Stairways, lifts and landings. Stairways and lifts may be permitted in suitable sites where construction will not redirect water flow direction and/or increase drainage velocity. Major topographic alterations are prohibited. Stairways and lifts must receive an earthwork permit and must meet the following design requirements: (1) Stairways and lifts may not exceed four (4) feet in width on residential lots. Wider stairways may be used for commercial properties, public open space recreational properties, and planned unit developments. (2) Reserved. (3) Canopies or roofs are not allowed on stairways, lifts, or landings. (4) Stairways, lifts and landings may be either constructed above the ground on posts or placed into the ground, provided they are designed and built in a manner that ensures control of soil erosion. (5) Stairways, lifts and landings must be located in the most visually inconspicuous portions of lots. Supp. No. 9 1273 § 20-1402 CHANHASSEN CITY CODE (6) Facilities such as ramps, lifts, or mobility paths for physically handicapped persons are also allowed, provided that the dimensional and performance standards of subitems (1) to (5) are complied with. (Ord. No. 152, § 2, 10-14-91; Ord. No. 218, § 1, 8-22-94) Sec. 20-1403. Removal or alteration of vegetation. Removal or alteration of vegetation within a bluff impact zone is prohibited except for limited clearing of trees and shrubs and cutting, pruning and trimming of trees to provide a view from the principal dwelling site and to accommodate the placement of stairways and landings and access paths. Removal or alteration of vegetation must receive prior approval of the planning director or designee. An on-site review will be made to determine if the removal or alteration of vegetation will require new ground cover. In no case shall clearcutting be permitted. City staffwill work with the property owner to develop a means of creating a view while minimizing disturbance to the bluff impact zone. (Ord. No. 152, § 2, 10-14-91) Sec. 20-1404. Topographic alterations/grading and filling. An earthwork permit will be required for the movement of more that ten (10) cubic yards of material within bluff impact zones. The permit shall be granted if the proposed alteration does not adversely affect the bluff impact zone or other property. Topographic alterations/grading and filling within the bluffimpact zone shall not be permitted to increase the rate of drainage. The drainage from property within the bluff impact zone may not be redirected without a permit from the city. Fill or excavated material shall not be placed in bluff impact zones. (Ord. No. 152, § 2, 10-14-91) Sec. 20-1405. Roads, driveways and parking areas. Roads, driveways, and parking areas must meet structure setbacks and must not be placed within bluffimpact zones when other reasonable and feasible placement alternatives exists. If no alternatives exist, they may be placed within these areas, and must be designed to not cause adverse impacts. (Ord. No. 152, § 2, 10-14-91) Sec. 20-1406. Reserved. Editor's note~Section 2 of Ord. No. 218, adopted Aug. 22, 1994, deleted former § 20-406, pertaining to the official bluff impact zone map, derived from Ord. No. 152, adopted Oct. 14, 1991. Supp. No. 9 1274 ZONING § 20-1449 Sec. 20.1407. Reconstruction of lawful nonconforming structures. Lawful nonconforming structures that have been damaged or destroyed may be recon- structed provided that it is reconstructed within one (1) year following its damage or destruction and provided the nonconformity is not materially increased. (Ord. No. 152, § 2, 10-14-91) Secs. 20.1408--20.1449. Reserved. Supp. No. 9 1274.1 ZONING § 20-908 increased in width or depth by an additional foot over the side and rear yards required for the highest building otherwise permitted in the district. (Ord. No. 80, Art. VI, § 10, 12-15-86) Sec. 20-908. Yard regulations. The following requirements qualify or supplement district regulations. Yard measurements shall be taken from the nearest point of the wall of a building to the lot line in question, subject to the following qualifications: (1) Every part of a required yard or court shall be.open and unobstructed. (2) Ayard, court, or other open space of one (1) building used to comply with the provisions of this chapter shall not again be used as a yard, court, or other open space for another building. (3) Except as provided in the business, industrial, and office districts, the front yard setback requirements shall be observed on each street side of a corner lot; provided, however, that the remaining two (2) yards will meet the side yard setbacks. (4) On double frontage lots, the required front yard shall be provided on both streets. Whenever possible, structures should face the existing street. (5) The following shall not be considered to be obstructions (variances granted from a required setback are not entitled to the following additional encroachments): a. Into any required front yard, or required side yard adjoining a side street lot line, cornices, canopies, eaves, or other architectural features may project a distance not exceeding two (2) feet, six (6) inches; fire escapes may project a distance not exceeding four (4) feet, six (6) inches; an uncovered stair and necessary landings may project a distance not to exceed six (6) feet, provided such stair and landing shall not extend above the entrance floor of the building; bay windows, balconies, open porches and chimneys may project a distance not exceeding three (3) feet; unenclosed decks and patios may project a distance not exceeding five (5) feet and shall not be located in a drainage and utility easement. Other canopies may be permitted by conditional use permit. b. The above-named features may project into any required yard adjoining an interior lot line, subject to the limitations cited above. c. Porches that encroach into the required front yard and which were in existence on February 19, 1987 may be enclosed or completely rebuilt in the same location provided that any porch that is to be completely rebuilt must have at least a ten-foot minimum front yard. d. Subject to the setback requirements in section 20-904, the following are permitted in the rear yard: enclosed or open off-street parking spaces; accessory structures, toolrooms, and similar buildings or structures for domestic storage. Balconies, breezeways and open porches, unenclosed decks and patios, and one-story bay windows may project into the rear yard a distance not to exceed five (5) feet. Supp. No. 10 1233 o o 2422 Enterprise Drive Mendota Helghls, MN 55120 (612) 681--1914 FAX:681-9488 Blaine, MN 55454 (612) 785--1880 FAX: 783-1885 House Address: House Model: CASCADE COURT-.c~h~'~=.~'~ ~_~ RECEIVED JUN 0 :L 1999 CITY OF' CH^NHASS£N x 9oo.o Denotes Existing Elevation ~ Denotes Proposed Elevation -- Denotes Drainage Flow Direction __ Denotes Drainage & Utility Easement ~ Denotes Monument s Denotes Offset Iron Bearings shown are assumed LOT 4 ,, BLOCK 4 Lowest Floor Elevation: 000.00 Top of Block Elevation: 000.00 Garage S~ab Elevation: 000.00 (at door) NOTE: Prof~oted bul~dln9 lite ~adin9 ;I in accordance with the grading planl approved by the city engineer. NOTE: Contractor must verify all dimensions & driveway design. CHANHASSEN VISTA CARVER COUNTY, MINNESOTA We hereby certify that this survey, plan or report was prepared by me or under my direct supervision and that I a duly licensed ,,"W;,~ Land Surveyor under the laws of the Store of Minnesota. Dated this day of A.D. Signed: .., PIONEER ENGINEERING, P.A. /// /' ,,," ~C~LI~ .L ~-~J .... Robert B, SJkich, 'L$, Reg. No. 14891 or 0001 O0000CO0 Terrence E. Ro~henbacher, L.$. Reg. No. 20595 ~IAY ~? 1999 ~esign,9587 Firs'~'l~:,"822 ~iuare feet lot~:~~:~ re feet r~he wraparound porch surrounding this shingled home provides a front row .'.J~ lseat to enjoy the soothing sounds of the country--literally. At the entrance to the front porch, a built-in bench has been thoughtfully placed for conve- nience. Inside, an open floor plan makes the most of the first-floor living area. Enhanced with built-ins, a warming fireplace extends a friendly invitation into the great room. Here, a wall of windows provides plenty of natural light and unobstructed views of the backyard. A bay window fills the adjacent nook with: sunlight and brightens the adjoining U-shaped kitchen. Located near the garage for convenience, a laundry room and powder room complete the first floor. The second floor contains a restful master suite, two family bedrooms that share a full bath, and a game room. Design by Alan Mascord Design Associates, Inc. · ,~ ., ~ ~.~. ~:, ~ · ~! ' ~. ' ~ ~:~ ~.l~, ; ............. r- ~?~ ~,~.'. ~' * IPlONEER Certificate of Survey for: House Address: House Model: !2422 EnlmprL~e Drive Mcr. dote Hel§hl.'~. MN 55120 sun~vees - ~L ~a,[~s (612) 681-1914 FAX: 681-9488 Blaine. MN 55434 (612) 783--1880 FAX: 783-1883 PAT NEUMAN C~C~E CO~ C U ~ ~ ~,,'~ .:':, ~ r~. ~ flEgtlVE o o JUN 01, 1999 CITY OF CHANHASSEN STAFF REVISED HOME LOCATION x goo. o Denotes Existing EfevaUon ~ Denotes Proposed Elevation ~ Denotes Drainage Flow Direction '.'"-_-' Denotes Drainage & Utility Easement ~ Denoles Monumen! * Denoles Offset Iron Bearings shown ore assumed LOT 4, BLOCK 4 Lowe~[ Floor Elevatlom 000,00 Top of Block Elevation: 000.00 Garage Slab Elevatlon: 000.00 (at. door) NOTE: Proposed building lite wading Il In accoe'dance with the grading plans opproved by the ¢lly engineer. NOTE: Conlra~tor must verily al~ dlnler,~tlons & drlvewoy deglgn. CHANHASSEN VISTA CARVER COUNTY, MINNESOTA We hereby cer{ify (ho{ [his survey, plan or repot( was prepared by me or under my direc[ supervision and i:hot J o duly licensed Lrjnd Surve~3r under the Jaw, o¢ Signed: ~ PI~EER ENGINEERING,e P.A. Scale: Rober~ 8, Sikich, L.S. Reg, No. 14891 or 000~ O0000CO0 Terrence E. Ro[henbecher, LS. Reg. No. 20595 NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING PLANNING COMMISSION MEETING WEDNESDAY, JULY 7, 1999 AT 7:00 P.M. CITY HALL COUNCIL CHAMBERS /L~ 690 CITY CENTER DRIVE ,.~ PROPOSAL: Request for a Front Yard and Bluff Setback Variance APPLICANT: LOCATION: Pat and Judy Neuman Lot 4, Block 4, Chanhassen Vista NOTICE: You are invited to attend a public hearing about a proposal in your area. The applicants, Pat and Judy Neuman, are requesting a variance to the 30 foot bluff setback and a variance from the 25 foot front yard setback for the construction of a single family home on property zoned PUD-R and located on Lot 4, Block 4, Chanhassen Vista (Chippewa Circle). What Happens at the Meeting: The purpose of this public hearing is to inform you about the developer's request and to obtain input from the neighborhood about this project. During the meeting, the Commission Chair will lead the public hearing through the following steps' 1. Staff will give an overview of the proposed project. 2. The Developer will present plans on the project. 3. Comments are received from the public. 4. Public hearing is closed and the Commission discusses project. make a recommendation to the City Council. The commission will then Questions and Comments: If you want to see the plans before the meeting, please stop by City Hall during office hours, 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. If you wish to talk to someone about this project, please contact Cindy at 937-1900 ext. 117. If you choose to submit written comments, it is helpful to have one copy to the department in advance of the meeting. Staff will provide copies to the Commission. Notice of this public hearing has been published in the Chanhassen Villager on June 24, 1999. Dr ~ww w ct)ww 0 W W · ~wW 0 Wz~ C ¢ o ~rrz ~,o~. Ozz mO--r 0I-z L.L I~ t..J o<o< z ~n~ ~-z mX:' n~o wI-z z~o ~-z m,~~ w .< ,~ 0 'T' 0 nz >,02: IJ.l I-- r.D O?w